Assessing intentional binding with the method of constant stimuli

Nolden, Sophie; Haering, Carola; Kiesel, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.05.003

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This temporal binding effect is robust and has been demonstrated in adults using a variety of paradigms (e.g., Desantis, Hughes, & Waszak, ; Engbert & Wohlschläger, ; Nolden, Haering, & Kiesel, ). It is seen as a generalized consequence of causal beliefs, rather than as occurring only in the context of intentional actions: temporal binding occurs for voluntary and involuntary (Buehner, ; Dogge, Schaap, Custers, Wegner, & Aarts, ) as well as mechanical causal actions (Buehner, ), and is moderated by the contingency between events (Moore, Lagnado, Deal, & Haggard, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

When causality shapes the experience of time: Evidence for temporal binding in young children

Blakey

Tecwyn

McCormack

et al. 2018

Developmental Science

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It is well established that the temporal proximity of two events is a fundamental cue to causality. Recent research with adults has shown that this relation is bidirectional: events that are believed to be causally related are perceived as occurring closer together in time—the so‐called temporal binding effect. Here, we examined the developmental origins of temporal binding. Participants predicted when an event that was either caused by a button press, or preceded by a non‐causal signal, would occur. We demonstrate for the first time that children as young as 4 years are susceptible to temporal binding. Binding occurred both when the button press was executed via intentional action, and when a machine caused it. These results suggest binding is a fundamental, early developing property of perception and grounded in causal knowledge. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQC_MqjxZQQ

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

When causality shapes the experience of time: Evidence for temporal binding in young children

Blakey

Tecwyn

McCormack

et al. 2018

Developmental Science

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“…51 showed that IB increased with delay for the short time range but decreased for the long time range. In addition, another study using the method of constant stimuli to measure IB showed stronger temporal binding between active and passive key presses, for 600 ms compared to 250 ms 53 . In our study, we used a method of constant stimuli to measure perceived duration of the intended or unintended outcome and the specific parameters and method used may have resulted in a similar magnitude of intention induced temporal expansion in this experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Intended outcome expands in time

Makwana

Srinivasan

2017

Sci Rep

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Intentional agents desire specific outcomes and perform actions to obtain those outcomes. However, whether getting such desired (intended) outcomes change our subjective experience of the duration of that outcome is unknown. Using a temporal bisection task, we investigated the changes in temporal perception of the outcome as a function of whether it was intended or not. Before each trial, participants intended to see one of two possible outcomes but received the intended outcome only in half of the trials. Results showed that intended outcomes were perceived as longer than unintended outcomes. Interestingly, this temporal expansion was present only when the intended outcome appeared after short action-outcome delays (250 ms-Exp 1 and 500 ms-Exp 2), but not when it appeared after long action-outcome delay (1000 ms-Exp 3). The effect was absent when participants did not intend and performed instruction-based action (Exp 4). Finally, Exp 5 (verbal estimation task) revealed that intention induced temporal expansion occurs via altering the gating or switch mechanism and not the pacemaker speed. Results are explained based on intention-induced pre-activation resulting in extended temporal experience. Our study not only suggests inclusion of intention as a potential factor influencing time perception but also indicates a close link between intentional binding and the intention induced temporal expansion of its outcome.

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“…Indeed, based on his research on pitch and loudness discrimination, Doughty (1949) concluded that this method should not be used for assessing the PSE or the constant error (i.e., standard minus PSE) even though it may be suited to determine the difference threshold. However, the method of constant stimuli has been successfully used to investigate temporal phenomena related to perceived duration, for example, in studies on intentional binding (Nolden, Haering, & Kiesel, 2012), the temporal oddball effect (Birngruber, Schröter, & Ulrich, 2014;Tse, Intriligator, Rivest, & Cavanagh, 2004), the effects of stimulus repetition (Matthews, 2011), or the influence of global temporal contexts (Jones & McAuley, 2005). All these studies used comparison intervals that were symmetrically distributed around the physical standard duration, thereby avoiding a possible asymmetry effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal discrimination of one’s own reaction times in dual-task performance: Context effects and methodological constraints

Bratzke

Bryce

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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In this study we used the method of constant stimuli to investigate introspective reaction times in the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm under different temporal contexts. Previous introspective PRP studies have mostly used visual analogue scales to assess introspective reaction times and found that participants were largely unaware of the typical dual-task costs that arise in this paradigm (PRP effect). This apparent limitation of introspection has been taken as evidence for a serial processing bottleneck that encompasses response selection as well as conscious perception. In our study, in each trial participants first performed the PRP task and were then presented with a comparison interval that they had to compare with their reaction time to the second task (RT2). Across three experiments, we observed that the subjective estimates of RT2 (i.e., the points of subjective equality) did not reflect the objective pattern but were almost completely biased toward the center of the comparison intervals (asymmetry effect). In a control experiment in which participants discriminated RT2s of other participants without performing the PRP task, this bias was largely reduced. We interpret these results as indicating that in dual-task performance participants acquire only poor temporal representations of their own reaction times, and the apparent unawareness of the PRP effect may reflect disturbed timing abilities rather than a conscious perception bottleneck.

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Assessing intentional binding with the method of constant stimuli

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

When causality shapes the experience of time: Evidence for temporal binding in young children

When causality shapes the experience of time: Evidence for temporal binding in young children

Intended outcome expands in time

Temporal discrimination of one’s own reaction times in dual-task performance: Context effects and methodological constraints

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