Assessing Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for Evaluation of Aedes aegypti Population Age Structure

Joy, Teresa K.; Chen, Minhao; Arnbrister, Joshua; Williamson, Daniel J.; Li, Shujuan; Nair, Shakunthala; Brophy, Maureen; Garcia, Valerie Madera; Walker, Kathleen; Ernst, Kacey C.; Gouge, Dawn H.; Carrière, Yves; Riehle, Michael A.

doi:10.3390/insects13040360

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The relationship between transcript abundance of SCP and chronological age was not significantly different between fed and unfed mosquitoes. This method for obtaining a continuous measure of age was used in a recent study which compared the accuracy of this age-grading method to that of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and found that NIRS was not as reliable as SCP-1 transcript expression [ 67 ]. The R code used to generate this continuous age variable can be found in the https://github.com/ejeffreygutierrez/Predicting-Aedes-age .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using body size as an indicator for age structure in field populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

et al. 2022

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Background The Aedesaegypti mosquito is a vector of several viruses including dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever. Vector surveillance and control are the primary methods used for the control and prevention of disease transmission; however, public health institutions largely rely on measures of population abundance as a trigger for initiating control activities. Previous research found evidence that at the northern edge of Ae.aegypti’s geographic range, survival, rather than abundance, is likely to be the factor limiting disease transmission. In this study, we sought to test the utility of using body size as an entomological index to surveil changes in the age structure of field-collected female Aedesaegypti. Methods We collected female Ae.aegypti mosquitoes using BG sentinel traps in three cities at the northern edge of their geographic range. Collections took place during their active season over the course of 3 years. Female wing size was measured as an estimate of body size, and reproductive status was characterized by examining ovary tracheation. Chronological age was determined by measuring transcript abundance of an age-dependent gene. These data were then tested with female abundance at each site and weather data from the estimated larval development period and adulthood (1 week prior to capture). Two sources of weather data were tested to determine which was more appropriate for evaluating impacts on mosquito physiology. All variables were then used to parameterize structural equation models to predict age. Results In comparing city-specific NOAA weather data and site-specific data from HOBO remote temperature and humidity loggers, we found that HOBO data were more tightly associated with body size. This information is useful for justifying the cost of more precise weather monitoring when studying intra-population heterogeneity of eco-physiological factors. We found that body size itself was not significantly associated with age. Of all the variables measured, we found that best fitting model for age included temperature during development, body size, female abundance, and relative humidity in the 1 week prior to capture . The strength of models improved drastically when testing one city at a time, with Hermosillo (the only study city with seasonal dengue transmission) having the best fitting model for age. Despite our finding that there was a bias in the body size of mosquitoes collected alive from the BG sentinel traps that favored large females, there was still sufficient variation in the size of females collected alive to show that inclusion of this entomological indicator improved the predictive capacity of our models. Conclusions Inclusion of body size data increased the strength of weather-based models for age. Importantly, we found that variation in age was greater within cities than between cities, suggesting that modeling of age must be made on a city-by-city basis. These results contribute to efforts to use weather forecasts to predict changes in the probability of disease transmission by mosquito vectors. Graphical abstract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using body size as an indicator for age structure in field populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

et al. 2022

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“…Recently, NIR has been suggested as a useful tool to monitor the changes in age structure over time in an Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus) population, an aspect of key relevance for determining the effectiveness of vector control [ 185 ].…”

Section: Autofluorescence In Dipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

Autofluorescent Biomolecules in Diptera: From Structure to Metabolism and Behavior

Croce

Scolari

2022

Molecules

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Light-based phenomena in insects have long attracted researchers’ attention. Surface color distribution patterns are commonly used for taxonomical purposes, while optically-active structures from Coleoptera cuticle or Lepidoptera wings have inspired technological applications, such as biosensors and energy accumulation devices. In Diptera, besides optically-based phenomena, biomolecules able to fluoresce can act as markers of bio-metabolic, structural and behavioral features. Resilin or chitinous compounds, with their respective blue or green-to-red autofluorescence (AF), are commonly related to biomechanical and structural properties, helpful to clarify the mechanisms underlying substrate adhesion of ectoparasites’ leg appendages, or the antennal abilities in tuning sound detection. Metarhodopsin, a red fluorescing photoproduct of rhodopsin, allows to investigate visual mechanisms, whereas NAD(P)H and flavins, commonly relatable to energy metabolism, favor the investigation of sperm vitality. Lipofuscins are AF biomarkers of aging, as well as pteridines, which, similarly to kynurenines, are also exploited in metabolic investigations. Beside the knowledge available in Drosophila melanogaster, a widely used model to study also human disorder and disease mechanisms, here we review optically-based studies in other dipteran species, including mosquitoes and fruit flies, discussing future perspectives for targeted studies with various practical applications, including pest and vector control.

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“…Krajacich et al (2017) reported that the highest classification rate of an independent cohort of wild-caught Anopheles gambiae larvae reared to set ages was only 69.6%. Recently, Ong et al (2020) concluded that they were unable to predict age of field-derived Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, and Joy et al (2022) did not find NIR to be suitable for predicting the precise age of individual field-collected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate age-grading of field-aged mosquitoes reared under ambient conditions using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks

Gao

Harrington

Zhu

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Age-grading mosquitoes are significant because only older mosquitoes are competent to transmit pathogens to humans. However, we lack effective tools to do so, especially at the critical point where mosquitoes become a risk to humans. In this study, we demonstrated the capability of using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks to accurately age-grade field-aged low-generation (F2) female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes held under ambient conditions (error was 1.9 chronological days, in the range 0–22 days). When degree days were used for model calibration, the accuracy was further improved to 20.8 degree days (approximately equal to 1.4 chronological days), which indicates the impact of temperature fluctuation on prediction accuracy. This performance is a significant advancement over binary classification. The great accuracy of this method outperforms traditional age-grading methods and will facilitate effective epidemiological studies, risk assessment, vector intervention monitoring, and evaluation.

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Assessing Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for Evaluation of Aedes aegypti Population Age Structure

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Using body size as an indicator for age structure in field populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Using body size as an indicator for age structure in field populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Autofluorescent Biomolecules in Diptera: From Structure to Metabolism and Behavior

Accurate age-grading of field-aged mosquitoes reared under ambient conditions using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks

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