Assessing particulate matter emissions from future electric mobility and potential risk for human health in Canadian metropolitan area

Réquia, Weeberb J.; Arain, M. Altaf; Koutrakis, Petros; Dalumpines, Ron

doi:10.1007/s11869-018-0608-y

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Exhaust emissions are obviously reduced to zero for electric vehicles, but non-exhaust particles from road, tire, and brake wear are also expected to change. This has been overlooked in some previous studies [ 20 , 21 ], leading to overly optimistic expectations on air quality improvements due to electrification. While particle emissions from brake wear are expected to decrease due to use of regenerative braking systems, road and tire wear emissions are likely to increase due to the higher weight of the electric vehicles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Source Risk Functions for Particulate Matter Are Critical When Assessing the Health Benefits of Local Abatement Strategies

Segersson

Johansson

Forsberg

2021

IJERPH

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When mortality or other health outcomes attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are estimated, the same exposure–response function (ERF) is usually assumed regardless of the source and composition of the particles, and independently of the spatial resolution applied in the exposure model. While several recent publications indicate that ERFs based on exposure models resolving within-city gradients are steeper per concentration unit (μgm−3), the ERF for PM2.5 recommended by the World Health Organization does not reflect this observation and is heavily influenced by studies based on between-city exposure estimates. We evaluated the potential health benefits of three air pollution abatement strategies: electrification of light vehicles, reduced use of studded tires, and introduction of congestion charges in Stockholm and Gothenburg, using different ERFs. We demonstrated that using a single ERF for PM2.5 likely results in an underestimation of the effect of local measures and may be misleading when evaluating abatement strategies. We also suggest applying ERFs that distinguish between near-source and regional contributions of exposure to PM2.5. If separate ERFs are applied for near-source and regional PM2.5, congestion charges as well as a reduction of studded tire use are estimated to be associated with a significant reduction in the mortality burden in both Gothenburg and Stockholm. In some scenarios the number of premature deaths is more than 10 times higher using separate ERFs in comparison to using a single ERF irrespective of sources as recommended by the WHO. For electrification, the net change in attributable deaths is small or within the uncertainty range depending on the choice of ERF.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Source Risk Functions for Particulate Matter Are Critical When Assessing the Health Benefits of Local Abatement Strategies

Segersson

Johansson

Forsberg

2021

IJERPH

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“…Road traffic is pointed out as one of the main emission sources of particulate matter (PM) into the atmosphere. Traffic-related PM is divided into tailpipe emissions and non-exhaust emissions, which comprise particles released into the air from brake, tyre and road surface wear, as well as resuspended road dust from driving vehicles (Requia et al 2018). While emission standards for exhaust particles from vehicular traffic are becoming more and more strict, non-exhaust emissions are completely unregulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenicity of PM10-bound PAHs from non-exhaust sources

Vicente

Lopes

Figueiredo

et al. 2022

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Road traffic is a major source of airborne particles. While exhaust emissions have been deeply scrutinised, non-exhaust emissions deserved less attention despite their rising contribution to particle emissions from traffic. The mutagenicity of particulate matter (PM10) samples from wear between pavements and tyres and from road dust resuspension was determined by the Ames test with two Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98 and TA100) with or without metabolic activation. After sequential extraction of PM10 samples in dichloromethane and methanol, the extracts were separated via flash chromatography and the subfraction that contained polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) was used in the assays. Additionally, the samples were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysed extracts contained predominantly high molecular weight PAHs with varying concentrations. The non-exhaust traffic-related source samples did not reveal mutagenic potential at the doses examined. Given the compositional complexity of the samples, aggregating multiple metals and organic compounds of different polarities, an integrated assessment of the toxicity of non-exhaust particles should include other in vitro toxicity assays.

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“…To reduce the uncertainty of these parameters induced from limited surveys, implementing Monte Carlo simulation technique [80,81] Emissions of different pollutants are attributed to various processes. Likewise, PM emissions from vehicle exhaust depend mainly on the fuels (gasoline and diesel mostly) [47,51,56,[72][73][74] and engine technology [47,52,64,75], primarily when an engine is operated in a low-temperature condition [8,35]. Although the particulate matter is categorized in PM 2.5 or PM 10 , however, this research considers the emission of PM 2.5 , as the coarse fraction, present in an insignificant amount in vehicle exhausts [64].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicular PM Emissions and Urban Public Health Sustainability: A Probabilistic Analysis for Dhaka City

2020

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Particulate Matter (PM) pollution is generally considered as a prime indicator of urban air quality and is linked to human health hazards. As vehicles are a vital component of an urban setting, the risks of particulate pollution need to be assessed. An emission modelling is essential for that, and thus stochastic modelling approach involving Monte Carlo simulation technique was applied, aiming to reduce the uncertainty in emission modelling. The risks scenarios for the emissions were generated for 2019 (present state) and 2024 (future), integrating the probability of emissions and the associated AQI (Air Quality Index). Despite the vehicles being a minor source of PM in Dhaka (compared to the contribution from other sources), about one-third of the city is found under high risk due to the exhaust particulate pollution; having the potentiality to cover more than 60% of the city in the coming years, affecting the urban public health sustainability. However, the extent of implementation of planning and management strategies can revert the scenarios for the city, which can plausibly reduce the risk from 80% to 50%, or even to a no-risk state.

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Assessing particulate matter emissions from future electric mobility and potential risk for human health in Canadian metropolitan area

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Near-Source Risk Functions for Particulate Matter Are Critical When Assessing the Health Benefits of Local Abatement Strategies

Near-Source Risk Functions for Particulate Matter Are Critical When Assessing the Health Benefits of Local Abatement Strategies

Mutagenicity of PM10-bound PAHs from non-exhaust sources

Vehicular PM Emissions and Urban Public Health Sustainability: A Probabilistic Analysis for Dhaka City

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