Assessing peracetic acid for controlling post‐vaccination
            <i>Saprolegnia</i>
            spp.‐associated mortality in juvenile Atlantic salmon
            <i>Salmo salar</i>
            in freshwater recirculation aquaculture systems

Good, Christopher; Davidson, J.; Straus, David L.; Harper, Susan; Marancik, David; Welch, Timothy J.; Peterson, Brian; Pedersen, Lars‐Flemming; Lepine, Christine; Redman, Natalie; Meinelt, Thomas; Liu, Dibo; Summerfelt, Steven T.

doi:10.1111/are.14567

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, use of some of these chemicals is either limited or banned due to several undesirable effects such as toxic and carcinogenic properties (Bly et al., 1996), causing the egg's cell wall to be vulnerable to entrance of other pathogens (Branson, 2002; Kirsty et al., 2014; Oono et al., 2008), and the adverse consequences of the repetitive and in high‐dose application on the environment (Bailey, 1984; Bailey & Jeffrey, 1989; Dentler, 1982; Marking et al., 1994; Schreck et al., 1991). Moreover, it has been found that some chemicals that have the competence to effectively eliminate or control the fungus such as permanganate (Sherif & Abdel‐Hakim, 2016), chlorine dioxide, chitosan and copper fibre (Emara et al., 2020) have negative effects on the survival rate of the eggs or juveniles (Good et al., 2020). Therefore, natural therapeutic agents (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Saprolegniasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs using oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils

Ozdemir

Taştan

Güney

2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The present study investigated the antifungal effects of essential oils of oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) on Saprolegniasis, a disease that occurs in rainbow trout eggs during the incubation period. Oregano and laurel were ground after drying, and essential oils were obtained by water distillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. The essential oils were added to potato dextrose agar (PDA) at the rates of 1-1000 ppm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as 250 ppm whereas the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) was determined to be 500 ppm for both plants. In the in vivo trials, fertilized eggs were treated with predetermined doses either by bathing during water hardening and incubation period or only during incubation period, and death rates were monitored during embryological development. The best larvae hatching rate was determined in 500 ppm oregano and 500 ppm laurel groups treated during water hardening plus daily as 82.11% and 79.87%, respectively. According to the results, it was determined that oregano and laurel essential oils exhibited better results in all doses compared with the negative control group, and 500 ppm dose had a better effect than the positive control group treated with formalin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Saprolegniasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs using oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils

Ozdemir

Taştan

Güney

2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…In the present study, we were limited to conducting research in a flow‐through system; however, previous on‐site research has demonstrated no impact on fluidized sand biofiltration when RAS were exposed to low‐dose (up to 0.3 mg/L) PAA on a semi‐continuous basis (Davidson et al, 2019). A further study demonstrated that TAN removal efficiency was not impacted when fluidized sand biofilters were exposed to a daily pulse dose of 0.2 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L or 1.0 mg/L PAA, and that these treatments decreased saprolegniasis following intracoelomic injection vaccination (Good et al, 2020). In comparison, concentrations of 2–3 mg/L PAA can disrupt biofilter nitrification, leading to increases in nitrite levels in RAS (Pedersen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing mortality associated with opportunistic infections in Atlantic salmonSalmo salarfry using hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid

DiCocco

May

Crouse

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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Developing efficacious protocols for applying water disinfectants to reduce opportunistic pathogen‐associated mortalities during the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry stage would be highly beneficial for producers. Atlantic salmon fry (0.47 g ± 0.02) were exposed to daily stressors over four weeks while providing daily 30‐min bath treatments of 15 mg/L hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 0.2 mg/L peracetic acid (PAA) or 0.5 mg/L PAA. Survival was tracked, and skin and gill samples were collected at 2 and 4 weeks for histopathology. Moribund fish were regularly assessed via wet‐mount microscopy, with organisms resembling Saprolegnia spp. routinely observed on gills of affected fish. Tanks treated with H2O2 had significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival (83.7% ± 1.7) compared to controls (69.5% ± 5.2) while no significant differences were observed between either PAA treatments (76.6% ± 0.6 and 77.4% ± 3.0 survival in the 0.2 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L PAA groups, respectively) and controls. Interestingly, no significant differences were noted among treatments for waterborne Saprolegnia spp. concentrations through qPCR quantification. Lower total suspended solids (TSS) were observed in both PAA treatment groups; no other water quality differences were noted. No treatment impacts were observed through histopathology at either sampling point. These results suggest that, at the dosage and treatment regime tested, H2O2 can be a safe and efficacious water treatment for reducing Atlantic salmon fry opportunistic infection‐associated mortality during periods of physical and environmental stress. Assessments of alternative PAA treatment regimens should also be considered in future research aimed at reducing early life‐stage mortality in Atlantic salmon.

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“…The development of disinfection strategies to control pathogen outbreaks in the culture water and water treatment units in RASs without negatively affecting fish health and welfare or the nitrifying bacteria community in the biofilters is challenging. Infectious pathogens in fish research facilities are common (Kent et al, 2009), and several disinfection technologies such as ozone (Powell and Scolding, 2018), UV irradiation (Summerfelt et al, 2009b), or chemicals (e.g., peracetic acid (PAA) based products) added to the water (Good et al, 2020) were evaluated to address this issue. It is important to note that majority of the facilities being used to study diseases in Atlantic salmon under controlled conditions use flow-through systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Recirculating Aquaculture System Research Facility Designed to Address Current Knowledge Needs in Atlantic Salmon Production

et al. 2022

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A better understanding of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) biosecurity is crucial for the sustainable and ethical production of Atlantic salmon smolt and post-smolt in these systems. This study described and evaluated the performance of a RAS facility for fish infection research with Atlantic salmon as the main animal model. Fish body weight, length, water quality, and system metrics from five independent experimental trials conducted between September 2020 and July 2021 were used to analyze the variation within and between treatments. Statistical power analysis was performed to determine the minimum number of fish required. The fish parameters variability showed that the inter-class correlation coefficient was on average low (0.1) and that the variation within tanks was larger than the variation between the tanks. The power analysis showed that 15 fish were required to be sampled per tank under these study conditions. Variation of water quality and system management metrics among the five experimental trials was higher compared to the variation within the five experimental trials. Moreover, the variation of the water quality parameters controlled by sensors was relatively low, whereas the parameters depending on biofilter maturation level and performance presented a very high variation. Water exchange rate-dependent quality parameters showed a similar variation value, i.e., nitrate and water turbidity. The established baseline for variability and performance presents an important reference for the design and realization of future experiments in RAS facilities. It is foreseen that the current research facility will develop new knowledge to improve the RAS biosecurity in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry.

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Assessing peracetic acid for controlling post‐vaccination Saprolegnia spp.‐associated mortality in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in freshwater recirculation aquaculture systems

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Prevention of Saprolegniasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs using oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils

Prevention of Saprolegniasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs using oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils

Reducing mortality associated with opportunistic infections in Atlantic salmonSalmo salarfry using hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid

Evaluation of a Recirculating Aquaculture System Research Facility Designed to Address Current Knowledge Needs in Atlantic Salmon Production

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