Assessing Rabies Vaccine Protection against a Novel Lyssavirus, Kotalahti Bat Lyssavirus

Shipley, Rebecca; Wright, Edward; Lean, Fabian Z. X.; Selden, David; Horton, Daniel L.; Fooks, Anthony R.; Banyard, Ashley C.

doi:10.3390/v13050947

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…While negative results do not exclude the presence of lyssaviruses in the bat population, positive samples and isolated viruses thereof are essential for further characterizations, including phylogenetics, pathogenesis in animal models and cross-neutralization by available vaccines. This contributes to a risk assessment for novel bat lyssaviruses, as exemplified for BBLV [ 39 ], LLBV [ 40 ] and KBLV [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Enhanced Bat Lyssavirus Surveillance in Germany between 2018–2020

Calvelage

Schlottau

Hoffmann

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Lyssaviruses are the causative agents for rabies, a zoonotic and fatal disease. Bats are the ancestral reservoir host for lyssaviruses, and at least three different lyssaviruses have been found in bats from Germany. Across Europe, novel lyssaviruses were identified in bats recently and occasional spillover infections in other mammals and human cases highlight their public health relevance. Here, we report the results from an enhanced passive bat rabies surveillance that encompasses samples without human contact that would not be tested under routine conditions. To this end, 1236 bat brain samples obtained between 2018 and 2020 were screened for lyssaviruses via several RT-qPCR assays. European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) was dominant, with 15 positives exclusively found in serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) from northern Germany. Additionally, when an archived set of bat samples that had tested negative for rabies by the FAT were screened in the process of assay validation, four samples tested EBLV-1 positive, including two detected in Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of 17 full genomes assigned all except one of these viruses to the A1 cluster of the EBLV-1a sub-lineage. Furthermore, we report here another Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) infection in a Natterer’s bat (Myotis nattereri) found in Lower Saxony, the tenth reported case of this novel bat lyssavirus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Enhanced Bat Lyssavirus Surveillance in Germany between 2018–2020

Calvelage

Schlottau

Hoffmann

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…In any case, in vivo experiments with lyssaviruses require due diligence, particularly in view of the antigenic differences and insensitivity to rabies vaccination-induced neutralizing antibodies ( Figure 3 B). Single round virus systems as employed here and previously [ 6 , 27 , 48 ] enable safe and informative approaches, such that the potentially hazardous generation of full-length chimeric lyssaviruses [ 49 ] appears to not be immediately necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoproteins of Predicted Amphibian and Reptile Lyssaviruses Can Mediate Infection of Mammalian and Reptile Cells

Oberhuber

Schopf

Hennrich

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Lyssaviruses are neurotropic rhabdoviruses thought to be restricted to mammalian hosts, and to originate from bats. The identification of lyssavirus sequences from amphibians and reptiles by metatranscriptomics thus comes as a surprise and challenges the mammalian origin of lyssaviruses. The novel sequences of the proposed American tree frog lyssavirus (ATFLV) and anole lizard lyssavirus (ALLV) reveal substantial phylogenetic distances from each other and from bat lyssaviruses, with ATFLV being the most distant. As virus isolation has not been successful yet, we have here studied the functionality of the authentic ATFLV- and ALLV-encoded glycoproteins in the context of rabies virus pseudotype particles. Cryogenic electron microscopy uncovered the incorporation of the plasmid-encoded G proteins in viral envelopes. Infection experiments revealed the infectivity of ATFLV and ALLV G-coated RABV pp for a broad spectrum of cell lines from humans, bats, and reptiles, demonstrating membrane fusion activities. As presumed, ATFLV and ALLV G RABV pp escaped neutralization by human rabies immune sera. The present findings support the existence of contagious lyssaviruses in poikilothermic animals, and reveal a broad cell tropism in vitro, similar to that of the rabies virus.

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“…RABV has been described in more than 150 countries, and according to Duarte et al (2021) around 60 thousand cases of death from human rabies are recorded per year. It is invariably fatal, caused by acute infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in mammals including humans (Schreiber;Fachinetto, 2021;Shipley et al, 2021). The highest rates of positive serological diagnosis are described in children under 15 years of age, with greater foci recorded in the African and Asian continents.…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vírus da raiva (RABV): casos de transmissão do RABV em humanos registrados no Brasil

Filho

Ventura

2022

Braz. J. of Sci.

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A transmissão do vírus da raiva em humanos é letal, em praticamente 100% dos casos. Observa-se que o maior índice de transmissão predomina em indivíduos humanos menores de 15 anos em especial no sexo masculino e em áreas urbanas. O vírus da raiva pertence a família Rhabdoviridae e ao gênero Lyssavirus com mais 16 outros tipos de vírus circunscritos. As maiores fontes de transmissão estão nos continentes Asiático e Africano. Nas Américas, o vírus da raiva é registrado desde os EUA até o Chile, e no Brasil são descritos até o momento 207 casos confirmados de raiva transmitida entre mamíferos não humanos para humanos, em especial cães e morcegos. As políticas de saúde pública com a vacinação de animais domésticos contra raiva apresentaram uma queda importante nos casos de transmissão, embora ainda a fonte alvo seja os morcegos de hábito selvagem principalmente do gênero Desmodus, no entanto, diversos estudos apresentam que outras classes de morcegos com hábitos não hematófagos são hospedeiros do vírus da raiva. Além de grande preocupação com a pandemia de 2019-Atual de Covid-19 e o surgimento de casos em mais de 90 países de Monkeypox (varíola dos mamacos) devemos agora nos preocupar com o aumento dos casos de raiva humana e sua letalidade. Os casos no Brasil apresentam uma heterogeneidade entre os anos de casos confirmados, embora tenhamos que nos preocupar em controlar e educar a população e investigar os fômites portadores do vírus.

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Assessing Rabies Vaccine Protection against a Novel Lyssavirus, Kotalahti Bat Lyssavirus

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Retrospective Enhanced Bat Lyssavirus Surveillance in Germany between 2018–2020

Retrospective Enhanced Bat Lyssavirus Surveillance in Germany between 2018–2020

Glycoproteins of Predicted Amphibian and Reptile Lyssaviruses Can Mediate Infection of Mammalian and Reptile Cells

Vírus da raiva (RABV): casos de transmissão do RABV em humanos registrados no Brasil

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