Assessing Rebar Corrosion through the Combination of Nondestructive GPR and IRT Methodologies

Solla, Mercedes; Lagüela, S.; Fernández, Norberto; Garrido, Iván

doi:10.3390/rs11141705

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In experimental examination [10] where different exposure conditions were simulated by immersing corroded rebars in three different water oil emulsions, the emulsions with higher dielectric permittivity ensured an increase in travel time of reflected waves and decrease in amplitude. Similar observations about the relation between dielectric permittivity and signal attributes were made by other authors [7,20].…”

Section: Effect Of Moisture and Chloride Content On Gpr Datasupporting

confidence: 87%

Primjena georadara u ocjeni stanja betonskih konstrukcija

Baričević¹,

Serdar²

2019

6th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering

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Maintenance costs of concrete structures can be reduced by efficient and extensive condition assessment. Rapid technological development has allowed application of innovative methodologies for the inspection of structures, which has in turn increased precision and efficiency of inspection activities. Potential for using ground-penetrating radar in the assessment of concrete structures has been considered for a long time and, with the improvement of the analysis tools, its application has been constantly increasing. Ground-penetrating radar is a technique based on emission of electromagnetic waves into the material, and on analysis of reflected waves, resulting in information about location and properties of a particular object. GPR is used for assessing condition of concrete structures, i.e. for the localization of reinforcement, determination of concrete cover, and localization of delamination. Recent research has shown that GPR data could be used for assessing corrosion of reinforcement. Following literature results on GPR-based study of concrete condition, main principles of GPR use are outlined in the paper.

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Section: Effect Of Moisture and Chloride Content On Gpr Datasupporting

confidence: 87%

Primjena georadara u ocjeni stanja betonskih konstrukcija

Baričević¹,

Serdar²

2019

6th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering

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“…The analysis was based on the evaluation of B-scans and A-scans, detecting changes on the amplitude of the reflected signal and changes in the blurring of the images. Previous reported works (e.g., [15,17,22]) have shown that corrosion could be identified both in B-scans due to blurred images and in A-scans due to changes in the amplitude. In those cases, the change in the intensity was related to the chemical action of chlorides in the concrete as consequence of corrosion rebar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The application of GPR to corrosion detection is usually tested in laboratory [21]. However, recent field studies have demonstrated the possibility of obtaining a quantitative approach of damage degree by combining GPR with other NDT survey such as infrared thermography [22]. This paper presents some controlled laboratory tests focused on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of GPR signal changes as consequence of corrosion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lab Non Destructive Test to Analyze the Effect of Corrosion on Ground Penetrating Radar Scans

et al. 2019

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Corrosion is a significant damage in many reinforced concrete structures, mainly in coastal areas. The oxidation of embedded iron or steel elements degrades rebar, producing a porous layer not adhered to the metallic surface. This process could completely destroy rebar. In addition, the concrete around the metallic targets is also damaged, and a dense grid of fissures appears around the oxidized elements. The evaluation of corrosion is difficult in early stages, because damage is usually hidden. Non-destructive testing measurements, based on non-destructive testing (NDT) electric and magnetic surveys, could detect damage as consequence of corrosion. The work presented in this paper is based in several laboratory tests, which are centered in defining the effect of different corrosion stage on ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals. The analysis focuses on the evaluation of the reflected wave amplitude and its behavior. The results indicated that an accurate analysis of amplitude decay and intensity could most likely reveal an approach to the state of degradation of the embedded metallic targets because GPR images exhibit characteristics that depend on the effects of the oxidized rebar and the damaged concrete. These characteristics could be detected and measured in some cases. One important feature is referred to as the reflected wave amplitude. In the case of corroded targets, this amplitude is lower than in the case of reflection on non-oxidized surfaces. Additionally, in some cases, a blurred image appears related to high corrosion. The results of the tests highlight the higher amplitude decay of the cases of specimens with corroded elements.

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“…The amplitude value (or strength) of the reflected pulses is proportional to the dielectric contrast value between two media. The receiving antenna can be installed either in the same antenna box as the transmitting antenna or in a separate box [ 20 ]. It should be noted that an XZ image (typically called radargram) is obtained as a result of the GPR analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the X axis represents the distance (meters) of each trace (position of each pulse received) and the Z axis represents the two-way travel time of the radar pulses through the media. In addition to the amplitude of reflection, other attributes of the received GPR signal can be studied such as the amplitude spectrum, the velocity of propagation, and the dielectric constant of the propagation medium [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings

Garrido

Solla

Lagüela

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The integrity, comfort, and energy demand of a building can be negatively affected by the presence of moisture in its walls. Therefore, it is essential to identify and characterise this building pathology with the most appropriate technologies to perform the required prevention and maintenance tasks. This paper proposes the joint application of InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the detection and classification of moisture in interior walls of a building according to its severity level. The IRT method is based on the study of the temperature distribution of the thermal images acquired without an application of artificial thermal excitation for the detection of superficial moisture (less than 15 mm deep in plaster with passive IRT). Additionally, in order to characterise the level of moisture severity, the Evaporative Thermal Index (ETI) was obtained for each of the moisture areas. As for GPR, with measuring capacity from 10 mm up to 30 cm depth with a 2300 MHz antenna, several algorithms were developed based on the amplitude and spectrum of the received signals for the detection and classification of moisture through the inner layers of the wall. In this work, the complementarity of both methods has proven to be an effective approach to investigate both superficial and internal moisture and their severity. Specifically, IRT allowed estimating superficial water movement, whereas GPR allowed detecting points of internal water accumulation. Thus, through the combination of both techniques, it was possible to provide an interpretation of the water displacement from the exterior surface to the interior surface of the wall, and to give a relative depth of water inside the wall. Therefore, it was concluded that more information and greater reliability can be gained by using complementary IRT-GPR, showing the benefits of combining both techniques in the building sector.

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Assessing Rebar Corrosion through the Combination of Nondestructive GPR and IRT Methodologies

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Primjena georadara u ocjeni stanja betonskih konstrukcija

Primjena georadara u ocjeni stanja betonskih konstrukcija

Lab Non Destructive Test to Analyze the Effect of Corrosion on Ground Penetrating Radar Scans

IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings

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