Assessing reported use and microbiological performance of a point-of-use household water filter in rural Fiji

Kohlitz, Jeremy; Hasan, Tasleem; Khatri, Kamal Kishore; Sokota, Arieta; Iddings, Steven; Bera, Una; Psutka, Rebecca

doi:10.2166/washdev.2013.061

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Only one respondent believed drinking from her DRWH system had caused an illness in the past. Questions regarding how water affects health in general were not asked in this study, but a previous survey of rural households in Fiji found that most respondents identified a link between health and drinking dirty water, and believed that diarrhoea is a potentially fatal symptom (Kohlitz et al 2013 …”

Section: Household Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality management for domestic rainwater harvesting systems in Fiji

Kohlitz

Smith

2014

Water Supply

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Household Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality management for domestic rainwater harvesting systems in Fiji

Kohlitz

Smith

2014

Water Supply

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Over a 3-month period, a significant decrease in diarrhea prevalence for children under the age of 5 was recorded when comparing the filter arm or the combination of the filter and training on WASH to the control arm [11]. However, a study of Sawyer® PointONE™ filters that had been distributed in Fiji 1 to 3 years prior to the study identified bacterial contamination in 17 out of 24 samples taken directly from filters and 28 out of 37 samples taken from stored filtered water as determined by sulfide paper testing [12]. Also, the study noted in an accompanying survey that only 30% of participants used the filter every time they drank water, and broken filters were observed in 22% of surveyed households [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a study of Sawyer® PointONE™ filters that had been distributed in Fiji 1 to 3 years prior to the study identified bacterial contamination in 17 out of 24 samples taken directly from filters and 28 out of 37 samples taken from stored filtered water as determined by sulfide paper testing [12]. Also, the study noted in an accompanying survey that only 30% of participants used the filter every time they drank water, and broken filters were observed in 22% of surveyed households [12]. Another study evaluated six Sawyer® PointONE™ filters that had been used for 23 months in Honduras.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the efficacy of point-of-use water filtration units in Fiji

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background To develop and evaluate a strategy for reducing the prevalence and impact of waterborne disease, a water quality intervention was developed for Fiji by Give Clean Water, Inc. in partnership with the Fiji Ministry of Health. Residents were provided and trained on how to use a Sawyer® PointONE™ filter, while also being taught proper handwashing techniques. At the time of the filter installation, all households were surveyed inquiring about the prior 2- to 4-week period. Households were measured a second time between 19 and 225 days later (mean = 66 days). Results To date, five economic and health outcomes have been tracked on 503 households to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. When comparing baseline to follow-up among the 503 households, the 2-week diarrhea prevalence decreased in households from 17.5% at baseline to 1.8% at follow-up. Also, the 2-week prevalence of severe diarrhea decreased per household from 9.7% at baseline to 0.6% at follow-up. Finally, monthly diarrhea-related medical costs reduced by an average of Fijian (FJ) $3.54 per person, and monthly water expenses reduced by FJ $0.63 per person. All estimated values are obtained from general linear and logistic mixed-effect models, which adjusted for location, season, time to follow-up, household size, water source, and respondent changing. Changes in economic and health outcomes from installation to follow-up were statistically significant ( p < 0.05) in all cases, in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Conclusions The installation of water filters shows promise for the reduction of diarrhea prevalence in Fiji, as well as the reduction of diarrhea-related medical costs and water expenses. Future work entails evaluation in other countries and contexts, long-term health monitoring, and comparison to alternative water quality interventions.

show abstract

“…Results from water sample testing confirm that bacteria were prevalent in water samples, including genera that are known to contain pathogens associated with waterborne disease. Limited amounts of dissolved metals and metal-containing particulates were observed in the drinking water sources.While previous research[13][14][15]17] yielded mixed results from the Sawyer ® PointONE ™ filter system in laboratory testing and field environments, our randomized, controlled field trial provides additional evidence of their effectiveness in reducing waterborne disease out to at least 200 days post-installation in real world settings. The hollow fiber membrane technology is designed to remove bacteria and particulates, but not dissolved ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Diarrhea prevalence in a randomized, controlled prospective trial of point-of-use water filters in homes and schools in the Dominican Republic

Tintle

Griend

Ulrich

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Lack of sustainable access to clean drinking water continues to be an issue of paramount global importance, leading to millions of preventable deaths annually. Best practices for providing sustainable access to clean drinking water, however, remain unclear. Widespread installation of low-cost, in-home, point of use water filtration systems is a promising strategy. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial whereby 16 villages were selected and randomly assigned to one of four treatment arms based on the installation location of Sawyer PointONE filters (filter in both home and school; filter in home only; filter in school only; control group). Water samples and self-reported information on diarrhea were collected at multiple times throughout the study. Results: Self-reported household prevalence of diarrhea decreased from 25.6% to 9.76% from installation to follow-up (at least 7 days, and up to 200 days post-filter installation). These declines were also observed in diarrhea with economic or educational consequences (diarrhea which led to medical treatment and/or missing school or work) with baseline prevalence of 9.64% declining to 1.57%. Decreases in diarrhea prevalence were observed across age groups. There was no evidence of a loss of efficacy of filters up to 200 days post filter installation. Installation of filters in schools was not associated with decreases in diarrhea prevalence in school-aged children or family members. Unfiltered water samples both at schools and homes contained potential waterborne bacterial pathogens, dissolved heavy metals and metals associated with particulates. All dissolved metals were detected at levels below World Health Organization action guidelines. Conclusions This controlled trial provides strong evidence of the effectiveness of point-of-use, hollow fiber membrane filters at reducing diarrhea from bacterial sources up to 200 days post installation when installed in homes. No statistically significant reduction in diarrhea was found when filters were installed in schools. Further research is needed in order to explore filter efficacy and utilization after 200 days post-installation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03972618. Registered 3 June 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03972618.

show abstract

Assessing reported use and microbiological performance of a point-of-use household water filter in rural Fiji

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Water quality management for domestic rainwater harvesting systems in Fiji

Water quality management for domestic rainwater harvesting systems in Fiji

Evaluating the efficacy of point-of-use water filtration units in Fiji

Diarrhea prevalence in a randomized, controlled prospective trial of point-of-use water filters in homes and schools in the Dominican Republic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About