Assessing Risk for Violent and General Recidivism: A Study of the HCR-20 and the PCL-R with a Non-Clinical Sample of Portuguese Offenders

Abstract

The present study intended to contribute to the development of risk assessment research and practice in Portugal, while addressing less explored areas of research in the international literature. We sought to replicate and extend the validity of the HCR-20 and the PCL-R, and their components, in a correctional community setting, with a sample of 158 non-mentally disordered Portuguese offenders, regarding both violent and nonviolent recidivism. The predictive, convergent and incremental validity of the HCR-20 and the PCL-R were prospectively tested in relation to general, violent and nonviolent recidivism. Furthermore, the performance of the structured professional judgment (SPJ) was compared to the pure actuarial use of the HCR-20. Both the HCR-20 and the PCL-R showed good predictive validity, although the HCR-20 tended to outperform the PCL-R for general, violent and nonviolent recidivism, adding significant incremental validity to predictions made solely with the PCL-R. High coefficients for the prediction of general and nonviolent recidivism showed that the HCR-20 and the PCL-R can be valid risk measures for outcome other than violence and that they can be useful in nonclinical settings. Results also provided support for the validity and utility of the SPJ method, especially for the assessment of violent outcomes. Our findings showed that internationally disseminated assessment tools, such as the HCR-20 and the PCL-R, can be used with Portuguese offenders with valid and efficient results.

Neuroimaging Metrics of Drug and Food Processing in Cocaine-Dependence, as a Function of Psychopathic Traits and Substance Use Severity

“…The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003 ) was utilized to measure psychopathic traits. The PCL-R is widely considered the gold-standard instrument to diagnose psychopathy ( Lynam and Gudonis, 2005 ), and has demonstrated good reliability and construct validity in substance abuse patients ( Alterman et al, 1993 ; Rutherford et al, 1996 , 1997 ) and offenders ( Cooke and Michie, 1997 ; Shine and Hobson, 1997 ; Sullivan et al, 2006 ; Poythress et al, 2010 ; Neves et al, 2011 ). For the present study, PCL-R scores were calculated based on an in-depth interview administered by highly trained research personnel (trained by MS); no subsequent file review was undertaken.…”

Psicopatía, Agresión y Violencia: un Análisis de la Interrelación en una Muestra de Delincuentes

“…El factor 1 relación más significativa con dicha reincidencia. Neves et al (2011) 158 personas en libertad condicional (137 hombres y 21 mujeres). Utilizaron la PCL-R y el HCR-20.…”

“…En este sentido, los resultados obtenidos también son incoherentes, ya que hay estudios que encuentran la desviación social o el componente más conductual de la psicopatía (factor 2) como principal predictor de la misma (Andreu et al, 2013;Chinchilla-Borbón et al, 2019;Dickson et al, 2013;Rouchy et al, 2019;Sewall y Olver, 2018). Otros estudios únicamente encuentran asociación entre la faceta antisocial (faceta 4) y la reincidencia (Sturup et al, 2016), pero también hay investigaciones en las que la reincidencia es predicha principalmente por el componente interpersonal/ afectivo de la psicopatía o factor 1 (Endrass et al, 2008;Langton et al, 2011;Olver et al, 2013), e incluso hallazgos en los que ambos factores son predictores por igual (Neves et al, 2011;Sherretts et al, 2017).…”

Smurtinio elgesio rizikos vertinimas: HCR-20 prognostinis validumas už smurtinius nusikaltimus teistų asmenų imtyje

“…Pažymėtina, kad HCR-20 validumas dažniausiai buvo tiriamas teismo psichiatrijos pacientų populiacijoje (Jung et al, 2013), tačiau pastaruoju metu tyrimai vis dažniau apima ir kitas tikslines dalyvių grupes, pavyzdžiui, bendrosios psichiatrijos pacientus, pataisos įstaigose esančius nuteistuosius ir pan. Šių tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad HCR-20 įverčiai yra stipriai susiję su teismo psichiatrijos pacientų pakartotiniu patekimu į teismo psichiatrijos įstaigą (Dolan, Khawaja, 2004), taip pat su smurtinio elgesio pasireiškimu ateityje tiek tarp teismo psichiatrijos pacientų (Chu et al, 2011;Gray et al, 2008;O'Shea et al, 2013), tiek ir tarp pataisos įstaigose esančių nuteistųjų (de Vogel, de Ruiter, 2006;Neves et al, 2011). Be to, kai kurių autorių duomenimis (Dahle, 2006;Gray et al, 2008), HCR-20 įverčiai gerai prognozuoja bendro ir nesmurtinio nusikalstamo elgesio pasireiškimą ateityje.…”