Assessing Risk of Resistance to Aerial Applications of Methyl-Parathion in Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Assessing the risk of the evolution of resistance to pesticides using spatially complex simulation models.

“…in Fig. 4.4a, b, c and d (Caprio et al. 2006), one can see a bimodal distribution developing as the uncertainty and observed frequencies of field failures within 3 years increase.…”

“…If the randomly assigned parameter values are saved along with the simulation results, a sensitivity analysis that includes interactions and correlations am ong parameters can be performed. Assuming the data can be linearized, step-wise regression or Bayesian model averaging can be used to identify the parameters or parameter interactions the model is most sensitive to (Caprio et al. 2006;McCaffery et al.…”

Genes, gene flow and adaptation ofDiabrotica virgifera virgifera

“…The development and spread of methyl parathion resistance provides an important tool in validating models of resistance evolution. This approach was recently used to validate a stochastic model of the evolution of resistance to adulticidal sprays of methyl parathion in D. v. virgifera populations in Nebraska (Caprio et al , 2006). When resistance was examined as a genetic phenomenon, the rate of increase of the resistance allele depended almost entirely on genetic factors (LC 50 values), the characteristics of the pesticide (residual activity), and the variance associated with emergence of adults.…”

Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) and Bt Corn: Effects on Pest Survival, Emergence and Susceptibility

“…Resistance to pesticides has been well-documented and span from pesticides that are no longer in use such as organochlorines or cyclodienes (Ball andWeekman 1963, Chio et al 1978) to more current pesticides such as certain organophosphates (Caprio et al 2006). Siegfried (2005) has shown that western corn rootworms are not as susceptible to Bt toxins as most lepidopteran pests.…”

“…Resistance developed to common pesticides starting in the 1940s through the 1960s (i.e. organochlorine or cyclodiene) (Ball andWeekman 1963, Chio et al 1978) and even to pesticide classes still used today such as organophosphates (Caprio et al 2006). Both the western and northern corn rootworm have even become resistant to crop rotation as well, through losing their ovipositional fidelity to corn (western corn rootworm) or exhibiting extended diapause (northern corn rootworm) (O'Neal et al 1999, Gray et al 2009).…”