Assessing Risks of Releasing Exotic Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests

Lenteren, J.C. van; Bale, J. S.; Bigler, F.; Hokkanen, Heikki; Loomans, A.J.M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151129

Cited by 406 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Conservation biologists are typically concerned with the health and growth of a wide variety of organisms. If a BCA does in fact attack any native non-target species, its persistence and ability to spread to areas far from the site of release become a serious liability [130][131][132].…”

Section: Challenges In the Biological Control Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control of Parasites

Kwenti¹

2017

Natural Remedies in the Fight Against Parasites

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Parasites (ectoparasites or endoparasites) are a major cause of diseases in man, his livestock and crops, leading to poor yield and great economic loss. To overcome some of the major limitations of chemical control methods such as rising resistance, environmental and health risks, and the adverse effect on non-target organisms, biological control (biocontrol) is now at the forefront of parasite (pests) control. Biocontrol is now a core component of the integrated pest management. Biocontrol is defined as "the study and uses of parasites, predators and pathogens for the regulation of host (pest) densities". Considerable successes have been achieved in the implementation of biocontrol strategies in the past. This chapter presents a review of the history of biocontrol, its advantages and disadvantages; the different types of biological control agents (BCAs) including predators, parasites (parasitoids) and pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses and virus-like particles, protozoa and nematodes); the effect of biocontrol on native biodiversity; a few case studies of the successful implementation of biocontrol methods and the challenges encountered with the implementation of biocontrol and future perspectives.

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Section: Challenges In the Biological Control Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control of Parasites

Kwenti¹

2017

Natural Remedies in the Fight Against Parasites

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“…An appropriate regulation concerning the import and use of natural enemies, based on a scientific risk assessment, is instrumental in preventing such non-target effects. The study of a candidate biocontrol agent's establishment potential is considered to be one of the key elements of an ERA procedure (van Lenteren et al 2006;Bale 2011;Ehlers 2011). The methodology developed by Hart et al (2002a) and used in several subsequent studies (Tullett et al 2004;Hatherly et al 2008;Hughes et al 2009;Berkvens et al 2010;Maes et al 2012) to assess cold tolerance of arthropod biological control agents builds on several parameters, including the supercooling point (SCP, the temperature at which the insect's body fluids freeze) and lethal time at 5°C (LTime, time required to kill 50 % of the population at a constant temperature of 5°C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold tolerance of the predatory ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

Maes

Grégoire²,

Clercq

2014

BioControl

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The effect of low temperature acclimation and diet on the supercooling point (SCP, the temperature at which the insect's body fluids freeze) and lethal time (LTime, time required to kill 50 % of the population at a temperature of 5°C) of the mealybug destroyer, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was assessed in the laboratory. The SCP of acclimated adult ladybirds which were allowed to complete development to adulthood at 18°C and a 8:16(L:D)h photoperiod, or at 25°C and a 16:8(L:D)h photoperiod, and which were subsequently kept at 10°C and a 12:12(L:D)h photoperiod for seven days, was -17.4 and -16.8°C, respectively. These SCPvalues were approximately 7°C lower than the value of -9.9°C for non-acclimated ladybirds maintained at a temperature of 25°C and a photoperiod of 16:8(L:D)h throughout development and in the first week of their adult life. Also food source had a significant effect on the freezing temperature of C. montrouzieri: the SCP of ladybirds fed the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso)(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was 1.6°C higher than the value of -17.2°C observed for ladybirds provided with eggs of the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). However, neither cold acclimation nor diet had a significant effect on the lethal times of C. montrouzieri. Overall, the time required to kill 50 % of the population at a temperature of 5°C ranged from 12.8 days for ladybirds fed P. citri mealybugs to 14.4 days for ladybirds fed E. kuehniella eggs. All individuals exposed to a constant 5°C had died by day 24. Based on the results from this laboratory study, it is deemed unlikely that C. montrouzieri could establish outdoors in western Europe, and it is therefore expected to pose little risk to non-target species in this area when used as an augmentative biological control agent.

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“…El concepto de control biológico asociado a insectos y plantas plaga se define, en sentido amplio, como la acción de parásitos, depredadores y patógenos que actúan disminuyendo la densidad poblacional de una especie plaga dada, pero nunca acabando con ella del todo; o más concretamente, en el caso de insectos plaga se considera el método más apropiado para reducir el número de especies dañinas por debajo de un umbral económico dado (McFadyen 1998, Day 2005, van Lenteren et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Parasitoides de la polilla del brote A pesar de la eficacia confirmada del control biológi-co (Howarth 1991, Cruttwell 1998, Mills 2005, Stiling y Cornelissen 2005, actualmente ha sido muy cuestionada su validez en relación a los riesgos implicados en su uso, debido a que la mayoría de los programas de control biológico exitosos o no introducen en el ecosistema especies exóticas que pueden tener algún efecto directo o indirecto sobre la entomofauna, incluyendo la plaga y sus agentes de control en el futuro (Simberloff y Stiling 1996, Louda et al 1997, Boettner et al 2000, Hoffman et al 2002, Linch et al 2002, Hoelmer y Kirk 2005, Mills 2005, van Lenteren et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

El complejo de parasitoides de la polilla del brote del pino en Chile: pasado, presente y posible escenario futuro

Sanz

Leverton

2010

Bosque (Valdivia)

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El complejo de parasitoides de la polilla del brote del pino en Chile: pasado, presente y posible escenario futuroThe parasitoid complex of the pine shoot moth: past, present and probable future scenario SUMMARYThe classical biological control, or the introduction and release of different exotic biocontrol agents to control introduced insect pests, is one of the most currently used methods for decreasing insect pest populations. In Chile the use of these methods for "the European pine shoot moth", Rhyacionia buoliana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was a pioneer decision that supposed the accomplishment of forest management and the implementation of research that permitted the generation of action plans. Today, twenty years after the introduction of Orgilus obscurator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as the main parasitoid for control of this pest, the current situation is more complex than expected, with the presence of other native parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. In this work the evolution of the pine shoot moth control in Chile since the detection of the pest in 1985, the beginning of the biological control exerted by O. obscurator, and the present and probable future of this control, will be analyzed.Key words: classical biological control, European pine shoot moth, Orgilus obscurator. RESUMENEl control biológico clásico o la introducción y liberación de biocontroladores exóticos es una de las técnicas más utilizadas en la actualidad para reducir las poblaciones de insectos plaga introducidas. En Chile, el uso de esta técnica fue una decisión pionera para controlar la polilla del brote del pino, Rhyacionia buoliana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), que supuso la ejecución de medidas de manejo forestal y la generación de investigación que permitió implementar planes de acción. A veinte años de la introducción de Orgilus obscurator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) como parasitoide principal de esta plaga, el escenario es más complejo de lo esperado, con la aparición de nuevos parasitoides nativos e hiperparasitoides introducidos. En este trabajo se analiza la evolución que el control biológico de R. buoliana ha tenido en Chile desde el momento de su detección en 1985, el comienzo del control biológico ejercido por O. obscurator, y el presente y posible futuro de dicho control.Palabras clave: control biológico clásico, polilla del brote, Orgilus obscurator.

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Assessing Risks of Releasing Exotic Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests

Cited by 406 publications

References 79 publications

Biological Control of Parasites

Biological Control of Parasites

Cold tolerance of the predatory ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

El complejo de parasitoides de la polilla del brote del pino en Chile: pasado, presente y posible escenario futuro

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