Assessing strategies to mitigate phosphorus leaching from drained clay soils

Ulén, Barbro; Larsbo, Mats; Koestel, John; Hellner, Qarin; Blomberg, Maria; Geranmayeh, Pia

doi:10.1007/s13280-017-0991-x

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The reason for a lack of significant fertilizer rate effect among the broadcast treatments is unclear but could result from variability in broadcast fertilizer P distribution at the surface soil, reflected in higher standard errors of the mean for broadcast compared with in‐soil treatments. This is consistent with Ulén et al (2018) and Hu et al (2015), who both recommend using more replicates to detect differences, particular with phosphate export (Ulén et al, 2018). There were no significant differences among the treatments for PP (results not shown here, but available in Weiseth, 2015).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Potential Phosphorus Export in Snowmelt as Influenced by Fertilizer Placement Method in the Canadian Prairies

et al. 2019

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Placement strategies for P fertilizer can affect P availability to crops and influence the amounts and forms of P removed from soil in runoff, contributing to eutrophication. On the Canadian prairies, most runoff occurs during snowmelt. Two adjacent farm fields in Saskatchewan, Canada, were used to assess the effects of spring P fertilizer placement on crop P uptake, residual soil P, and potential P export in simulated snowmelt. One was in conventional tillage (CT) with no history of P fertilization, and the other was in a no‐till (NT) system with multiyear P fertilization at recommended rates. Fertilization (monoammonium phosphate) treatments were no P fertilizer (control); seed placed, deep banded, and broadcast and incorporated at 20 kg P2O5 ha−1; and broadcast treatments at 20, 40, and 80 kg P2O5 ha−1. Yield and P uptake were not affected by placement method. Water‐extractable P at the soil surface after harvest was unaffected by placement or rate at either site but increased below the 5‐cm depth at the NT site in 2016. Broadcast treatments increased P in runoff relative to in‐soil P placement for the 20‐ and 80‐kg P2O5 ha−1 treatments at the CT site and for the 80‐kg P2O5 ha−1 treatment at the NT site. Thus, in‐soil application of P fertilizer appears to be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of P export in snowmelt runoff. Core Ideas In‐soil fertilizer placement reduced P loss in snowmelt runoff from cropland. Broadcasting P fertilizer increased P loss in snowmelt runoff. Crop yield and P uptake were not affected by fertilizer placement method. Soil P was largely unaffected by placement over the 1 or 2 yr of the study.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Potential Phosphorus Export in Snowmelt as Influenced by Fertilizer Placement Method in the Canadian Prairies

et al. 2019

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“…S3). These contradicting observations can result from the fact that bulk flashiness metrics do not capture year‐to‐year variation in frequency and duration of high and low flow conditions (Ulén et al, 2018). They are meant to represent long‐term changes in the hydrologic regime that require longer records to calculate (Baker et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Extremes and Legacy Sources Can Override Efforts to Mitigate Nutrient and Sediment Losses at the Catchment Scale

et al. 2019

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Combating eutrophication requires changes in land and water management in agricultural catchments and implementation of mitigation measures to reduce phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and suspended sediment (SS) losses. To date, such mitigation measures have been built in many agricultural catchments, but there is a lack of studies evaluating their effectiveness. Here we evaluated the effectiveness of mitigation measures in a clay soil‐dominated headwater catchment by combining the evaluation of long‐term and high‐frequency data with punctual measurements upstream and downstream of three mitigation measures: lime‐filter drains, a two‐stage ditch, and a sedimentation pond. Long‐term hydrochemical data at the catchment outlet showed a significant decrease in P (−15%) and SS (−28%) and an increase in nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N, +13%) concentrations. High‐frequency (hourly) measurements with a wet‐chemistry analyzer (total and reactive P) and optical sensor (NO3–N and SS) showed that the catchment is an abundant source of nutrients and sediments and that their transport is exacerbated by prolonged drought and resuspension of stream sediments during storm events. Lime‐filter drains showed a decrease in SS by 76% and total P by 80% and an increase in NO3–N by 45% compared with traditional drains, potentially indicating pollution swapping. The effectiveness of two‐stage ditch and sedimentation pond was less evident and depended on the prevalent hydrometeorological conditions that drove the resuspension of bed sediments and associated sediment‐bound P transport. These results suggest that increased frequency of prolonged drought due to changing weather patterns and resuspension of SS and sediment‐bound P during storm events can override the generally positive effect of mitigation measures. Core Ideas We assessed the efficiency of catchment mitigation measures to reduce water pollution. At the catchment outlet, concentrations of P and sediments decreased by 15 and 28%. Lime‐filter drains reduced P and sediments by 80% but increased nitrate by 45%. Prolonged drought and resuspension of sediments exacerbated stream nutrient export. High‐frequency data show that legacy sources can override mitigation efforts.

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“…These technologies are providing new opportunities to evaluate the dynamics in P sources and pathways (e.g., Bowes et al 2015 ; Lloyd et al 2016 ; Mellander et al 2016 ; Ockenden et al 2016 ), the processing and cycling of P, linked to biological dynamics (Halliday et al 2015 ; Cooper et al 2016 ) and for identifying the effects of P relative to other multiple pressures on algal blooms and crashes (Bowes et al 2016 ). Our understanding of spatial scale dependent P transport is limited; for example, the spatial variation in P leaching via subsurface drains can be higher than the temporal variation (Ulén et al 2018 , this issue). This requires deployment of spatially distributed and nested intelligent sensor networks which directly measure the dynamics in water and nutrient fluxes at time scales aligned with the variation of the physical drivers (Rode et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Phosphorus Fluxes and Cycling In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handling the phosphorus paradox in agriculture and natural ecosystems: Scarcity, necessity, and burden of P

Leinweber

Bathmann

Buczko

et al. 2017

Ambio

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This special issue of Ambio compiles a series of contributions made at the 8th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW8), held in September 2016 in Rostock, Germany. The introducing overview article summarizes major published scientific findings in the time period from IPW7 (2015) until recently, including presentations from IPW8. The P issue was subdivided into four themes along the logical sequence of P utilization in production, environmental, and societal systems: (1) Sufficiency and efficiency of P utilization, especially in animal husbandry and crop production; (2) P recycling: technologies and product applications; (3) P fluxes and cycling in the environment; and (4) P governance. The latter two themes had separate sessions for the first time in the International Phosphorus Workshops series; thus, this overview presents a scene-setting rather than an overview of the latest research for these themes. In summary, this paper details new findings in agricultural and environmental P research, which indicate reduced P inputs, improved management options, and provide translations into governance options for a more sustainable P use.

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Assessing strategies to mitigate phosphorus leaching from drained clay soils

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Potential Phosphorus Export in Snowmelt as Influenced by Fertilizer Placement Method in the Canadian Prairies

Potential Phosphorus Export in Snowmelt as Influenced by Fertilizer Placement Method in the Canadian Prairies

Hydrologic Extremes and Legacy Sources Can Override Efforts to Mitigate Nutrient and Sediment Losses at the Catchment Scale

Handling the phosphorus paradox in agriculture and natural ecosystems: Scarcity, necessity, and burden of P

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