Assessing survival in widowers, and controls -A nationwide, six- to nine-year follow-up

Skulason, Bragi; Jónsdóttir, Lilja Sigrún; Sigurðardóttir, Valgerður; Helgason, Ásgeir R.

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-96

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A number of studies have examined the possible contribution of spousal similarities to the excess mortality by adjusting confounders or distinguishing causes of death. Although the magnitude of the widowhood effect was attenuated after adjustment of lifestyle factors (Mellström et al , 1982; Skulason et al , 2012), some studies confirmed that loss of a spouse was independently associated with excess mortality (Schaefer et al , 1995; Williams et al , 2011). Some evidence indicated differential mortality risk by cause of death and excess mortality was found to be markedly higher when the spouse dies from accidental, violent or alcohol-related causes (Martikainen and Valkonen, 1996 b ; Shah et al , 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widowhood and mortality risk of older people in rural China: do gender and living arrangement make a difference?

2019

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Increased mortality after spousal bereavement has been observed in many populations. Few studies have investigated the widowhood effect in a traditional culture where the economy is underdeveloped. The reasons for the widowhood effect and its gender dynamic are not well understood. In this study, we assessed whether the widowhood-associated excess mortality exists and differs by gender and living arrangement in rural China. We used a six-wave panel of data derived from rural people over 60 years old in the Chaohu region of China. Cox regression analyses suggest that there was a positive effect of spousal loss on mortality for older rural Chinese and this effect was gender different. Our findings also suggest that living with adult children after spousal loss played a protective role in reducing the risk of older men's death, though it tended to increase older men's mortality risk in general.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widowhood and mortality risk of older people in rural China: do gender and living arrangement make a difference?

2019

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“…Gender has frequently been examined in connection with bereavement. Studies indicate that widowed men have greater mortality rates than non-widowed men for up to 9 years after the deaths of their spouses [ 44 ]. Widowed men may be more negatively affected by bereavement than widowed women [ 45 - 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death talk: gender differences in talking about one’s own impending death

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAccording to common practice based on a generally agreed interpretation of Icelandic law on the rights of patients, health care professionals cannot discuss prognosis and treatment with a patient’s family without that patient’s consent. This limitation poses ethical problems, because research has shown that, in the absence of insight and communication regarding a patient’s impending death, patient’s significant others may subsequently experience long-term psychological distress. It is also reportedly important for most dying patients to know that health care personnel are comfortable with talking about death and dying. There is only very limited information concerning gender differences regarding death talk in terminal care patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of detailed prospective “field notes” from chaplain interviews of all patients aged 30–75 years receiving palliative care and/or with DNR (do not resuscitate) written on their charts who requested an interview with a hospital chaplain during a period of 3 years. After all study patients had died, these notes were analyzed to assess the prevalence of patient-initiated discussions regarding their own impending death and whether non-provocative evocation-type interventions had facilitated such communication.ResultsDuring the 3-year study period, 195 interviews (114 men, 81 women) were conducted. According to the field notes, 80% of women and 30% of men initiated death talk within the planned 30-minute interviews. After evoking interventions, 59% (67/114) of men and 91% (74/81) of women engaged in death talk. Even with these interventions, at the end of the first interview gender differences were still statistically significant (p = 0.001). By the end of the second interview gender difference was less, but still statistically significant (p = 0.001).ConclusionsGender differences in terminal care communication may be radically reduced by using simple evocation methods that are relatively unpretentious, but require considerable clinical training.Men in terminal care are more reluctant than women to enter into discussion regarding their own impending death in clinical settings. Intervention based on non-provocative evocation methods may increase death talk in both genders, the relative increase being higher for men.

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“…doi: 10.18294/sc.2020.2255 mujeres parecen ser diferentes (20,21) . La evidencia indica que la viudez masculina se asocia con una mayor mortalidad (11,20,21) , una mayor adopción de comportamientos de riesgo relacionados con la salud (22,23,24,25,26) , una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión y diabetes (27) y mayores gastos relacionados con la salud (28) . A lo anterior se suma que la mayoría de los estudios epidemiológicos que investigan este tema se han realizado en EEUU (21,22,25) o en Europa (23,26,28) .…”

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Comportamientos de riesgo para la salud en hombres mayores brasileños viudos

Evedove

Loch

2020

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Se buscó comparar la prevalencia de comportamientos de riesgo para la salud en hombres mayores viudos con las de hombres mayores con pareja, solteros y divorciados/separados, así como la prevalencia de comportamientos de riesgo en hombres mayores viudos según rango de edad, escolaridad y raza/color. Se realizó un estudio transversal con hombres mayores (≥ 60 años) entrevistados por el Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica (Vigitel) en 2016 (n=5.384) y 2017 (n=5.801) que incluye muestras representativas de adultos de las capitales de los estados brasileños y del Distrito Federal. De ellos, 886 eran viudos. Los comportamientos de riesgo fueron: inactividad física en el tiempo libre, consumo irregular de frutas, verduras y legumbres, tabaquismo y consumo abusivo de alcohol. La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue menor entre los hombres mayores con pareja [RP = 0,68; IC95% (0,52-0,90)] que entre los viudos. En los demás comportamientos de riesgo no se observaron diferencias en la prevalencia de los viudos en relación a los demás grupos. Cuando se analizaron solamente los viudos, se observaron importantes asociaciones de los comportamientos de riesgo con las variables grupo de edad y escolaridad, pero no con raza/color.

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Assessing survival in widowers, and controls -A nationwide, six- to nine-year follow-up

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Widowhood and mortality risk of older people in rural China: do gender and living arrangement make a difference?

Widowhood and mortality risk of older people in rural China: do gender and living arrangement make a difference?

Death talk: gender differences in talking about one’s own impending death

Comportamientos de riesgo para la salud en hombres mayores brasileños viudos

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