Assessing the effects of agricultural management practices on carbon fluxes: Spatial variation and the need for replicated estimates of Net Ecosystem Exchange

Davis, Phill; Clifton‐Brown, John; Saunders, Matthew; Lanigan, Gary; Wright, Emma L.; Fortune, T.; Burke, John R.; Connolly, John; Jones, Mike; Osborne, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.01.021

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…While a few days are generally enough to be helpful in assessing surface energy fluxes, the use of roving towers for CO 2 fluxes is more challenging due to the phenology and seasonal variations in these fluxes (Eugster et al, 1997). The first successful deployment of roving towers as replicated measurements of CO 2 fluxes on four arable plots using only two EC towers was reported by Davis et al (2010). Such innovative experimental concepts will most likely see further developments and applications in the future, but will always remain a compromise between a permanent tower and a full spatial flux survey as can be done with an aircraft.…”

Section: Survey-type Experiments Using Eddy Covariancementioning

confidence: 97%

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eugster

Merbold

2015

SOIL

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Abstract. Soils are highly complex physical and biological systems, and hence measuring soil gas exchange fluxes with high accuracy and adequate spatial representativity remains a challenge. A technique which has become increasingly popular is the eddy covariance (EC) method. This method takes advantage of the fact that surface fluxes are mixed into the near-surface atmosphere via turbulence. As a consequence, measurements with an EC system can be done at some distance above the surface, providing accurate and spatially integrated flux density estimates. In this paper we provide a basic overview targeting scientists who are not familiar with the EC method. This review gives examples of successful deployments from a wide variety of ecosystems. The primary focus is on the three major greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Several limitations to the application of EC systems exist, requiring a careful experimental design, which we discuss in detail. Thereby we group these experiments into two main classes: (1) manipulative experiments, and (2) survey-type experiments. Recommendations and examples of successful studies using various approaches are given, including the combination of EC flux measurements with online measurements of stable isotopes. We conclude that EC should not be considered a substitute to traditional (e.g., chamber based) flux measurements but instead an addition to them. The greatest strength of EC measurements in soil science are (1) their uninterrupted continuous measurement of gas concentrations and fluxes that can also capture short-term bursts of fluxes that easily could be missed by other methods and (2) the spatial integration covering the ecosystem scale (several square meters to hectares), thereby integrating over small-scale heterogeneity in the soil.

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Section: Survey-type Experiments Using Eddy Covariancementioning

confidence: 97%

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eugster

Merbold

2015

SOIL

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“…So far most studies on croplands have focused on seasonal patterns of CO 2 flux and annual C balance for different crops. For example, micrometeorological studies of agroecosystem CO 2 fluxes have been conducted over winter wheat (Anthoni et al, 2004), no-till maize (Verma et al, 2005), maize/soybean rotations (Bernacchi et al, 2006), corn/soybean (Baker and Griffis, 2005), winter-wheat/summer-maize (Li et al, 2006), spring-barley/fallow (Davis et al, 2010) and maize/faba/spring-wheat (Glenn et al, 2010). Some of these studies reveal the importance of management practices on plot C budget, e.g., Baker and Griffis (2005) reported that C gain caused by reduced tillage and intercropping compared to conventional management was compensated for by a drop in productivity and an increase in crop residue decomposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon budget of a winter-wheat and summer-maize rotation cropland in the North China Plain

Wang

Dong

et al. 2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…The technique is suitable for measuring fluxes in the area adjacent to the sensor, but extended networks of flux observation sites together with satellite remote sensing have helped to address the issue of quantifying CO 2 exchange at the continental scale (Xiao et al, 2008). For comparison of fluxes from different treatments, a moveable EC tower or ideally a system of paired towers may be used (Davis et al, 2010). However, in this study we use a single EC tower combined with footprint analysis to separate fluxes originating from different areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of introducing a winter forage rotation on CO2 fluxes at a temperate grassland

Kiely

2012

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Assessing the effects of agricultural management practices on carbon fluxes: Spatial variation and the need for replicated estimates of Net Ecosystem Exchange

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Carbon budget of a winter-wheat and summer-maize rotation cropland in the North China Plain

The effect of introducing a winter forage rotation on CO2 fluxes at a temperate grassland

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