Assessing the impact of aflatoxin consumption on animal health and productivity.

Atherstone, Christine; Grace, Delia; Lindahl, Johanna F.; Kang’ethe, Erastus K.; Nelson, F. E.

doi:10.18697/ajfand.75.ilri01

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Long-term exposure to aflatoxins is a major risk factor for liver cancer [ 18 ]. In animals, chronic exposure to aflatoxins is associated with weight loss and reproductive problems [ 19 – 21 ]. Particularly in pigs, the associated clinical signs are lethargy, hypothermia and icterus [ 22 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into aflatoxin M 1 in slaughtered fattening pigs and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite formed after aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is consumed by humans and animals; it can be detected in urine, milk and blood. It is well recognized that AFB1 is toxic to humans and other animals. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies aflatoxins as group 1 carcinogens and AFM1 as group 2B carcinogen. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure of pigs to aflatoxins as well as to assess the public awareness of aflatoxins among people in five provinces in Vietnam.ResultsA total of 1920 urine samples were collected from slaughterhouses located in five provinces. Overall, the positive rate of AFM1 was 53.90% (95% confidence interval 51.64–56.15) using a cut-off of 0.15 μg/kg (range: limit of detection to 13.66 μg/kg, median: 0.2 μg/kg and mean: 0.63 μg/kg). A total of 252 people from the general population were interviewed from 5 provinces, and overall 67.86% reported being aware of aflatoxins. We also found that men and more highly educated had significantly increased awareness of aflatoxins compared to the females and primary/secondary school group. The respective odds ratios (ORs) were as follows: “male” group (OR: 2.64), “high school educated” group (OR: 3.40) and “college/university or more educated” group (OR: 10.20).ConclusionsWe can conclude that pigs in Vietnam are exposed to aflatoxins to varying degrees, and there may be a risk that pork products could contain AFM1. Further investigation is needed into the possible health impacts as well as to aid in establishing regulations for animal feed to reduce the health impacts in humans and animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into aflatoxin M 1 in slaughtered fattening pigs and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam

et al. 2017

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“…All animal species including the honeybees are susceptible to aflatoxicosis, but the outbreak occurs mostly in pigs, sheep, and cattle (Atherstone et al, 2016). Poultries are more sensitive to aflatoxin than mammals.…”

Section: Species Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are regularly implicated in toxic syndromes in animals and humans (Charoenpornsook and Kavisarasai, 2006;Stasiewicz et al, 2017). The word aflatoxin is the combination of 3 words "a" for Aspergillus genus, "fla" for the species flavus and toxin, meaning poison (Atherstone et al, 2016;Bakırdere et al, 2012). Although aflatoxins have been a problem throughout history until 1960, they have been recognized as significant contaminants within agriculture (Unnevehr and Grace, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited information suggests a substantial proportion of feed is contaminated at levels likely to milk, egg, and poultry meat production. As livestock systems intensify, problems with aflatoxins are likely to worsen (Atherstone et al, 2016). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to study the magnitude, distribution, and overall epidemiology of the problem that leads to propose effective control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxicosis in Animal Products and its Public Health Importance: A Review

2020

International Journal of Research Studies in Microbiology and B

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Among all the mycotoxins, aflatoxins result in worldwide contamination of foods and feeds is a significant problem due to their extremely high toxicity and carcinogenicity effect on humans and animals. Aflatoxicosis is the poisoning that results from ingesting aflatoxins produced by the fungus Aspergillus species. It can cause direct animal losses, production losses, and trade limitations. However, the most alarming problem through time has been the presence of aflatoxin in milk, when eating contaminated forage all around the world. Aflatoxicosis has acute and chronic forms. Currently, aflatoxicosis has wider geographic distribution in animals and humans, however, the Incidence of aflatoxins in foods and feeds is relatively high in tropical and subtropical regions and this is mainly attributed to the risk factors physical, chemical and biological. All animal species are susceptible to this disease but the outbreak occurs mostly in pigs, sheep, and cattle. In animals, the toxin is processed through a number of competing pathways. Unfortunately, except for supportive therapy, there are almost no treatments for aflatoxin exposure. Prevention and control strategies for aflatoxicosis rely on biological control, testing feedstuffs, aflatoxin binders, and anti-fungal agents, blending down directing contaminated feed to least susceptible animals and Longer-term options include breeding for resistance in animals and breeding for lower susceptibility in crops.

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“…In one study, transfer into eggs could only be shown for the highest dose given the hens, and a transmission rate of 5000:1 has been estimated (Oliveira et al 2000). Fish species vary from highly susceptible to resistant, and honeybees are relatively resistant (Atherstone et al 2016).…”

Section: Impact On Livestock Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving a nutrition revolution for Africa: The road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition

Ayalew¹,

Hoffmann²,

Lindahl³

et al. 2016

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Focusing the 2015 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) on nutrition will contribute to a broader understanding of the critical role of nutrition in achieving international, continental, and national economic growth targets through agriculture, food security, and nutrition. This report presents information and analysis in support of evidence-based policy making that should inform the second generation of CAADP national investment plans now being developed. This is an important moment for shaping the region’s future and ensuring that the much-needed agriculture-led growth and development agenda can simultaneously deliver on improving nutrition, saving lives, improving productivity and health, and curbing nutrition-related diseases and the associated public health expenditures. These investment plans should address not only the usual elements of undernutrition but also widespread micronutrient deficiencies (termed “hidden hunger”) and the growing problem of overweight and obesity that is associated with economic growth.1 introduction 2 The African union policy environment toward enabling action for nutrition in Africa 3 Africa’s progress toward meeting current nutrition targets 4 Economic development and nutrition transition in Ghana: taking stock of food consumption patterns and trends 5 Making African agriculture and food systems work for nutrition: what has been done, and what needs to be done? 6 Lessons learned from the evaluation of Helen Keller International’s enhanced homestead food production program 7 The role of biofortification as part of more diverse diets in Africa: progress, challenges, and opportunities 8 The role of mycotoxin contamination in nutrition: the aflatoxin story 9 The challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned in evidence-informed decision making in Africa 10 Evaluating nutrition-sensitive programs: challenges, methods, and opportunities 11 Supporting multisectoral action: capacity and nutrition leadership challenges facing Africa 12 Tracking key CAADP indicators and implementation processes 13 Summary and policy recommendations: toward a nutrition revolution for AfricaReportPRIFPRI1; ReSAKSS; HarvestPlus; B Promoting healthy food systemsDSGD; WCAO; ESAO; HarvestPlus; PHND; A4NH; MTIDCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH

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Assessing the impact of aflatoxin consumption on animal health and productivity.

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

An investigation into aflatoxin M 1 in slaughtered fattening pigs and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam

An investigation into aflatoxin M 1 in slaughtered fattening pigs and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam

Aflatoxicosis in Animal Products and its Public Health Importance: A Review

Achieving a nutrition revolution for Africa: The road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition

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