Assessing the impact of China's timber industry on Congo Basin land use change

Fuller, Trevon; Narins, Thomas P.; Nackoney, Janet; Bonebrake, Timothy C.; Clee, Paul Sesink; Morgan, Katy; Tróchez, Anthony; Meñe, Demetrio Bocuma; Bongwele, Eddy; Njabo, Kevin Y.; Anthony, Nicola M.; Gonder, Mary Katherine; Kahn, Matthew E.; Allen, Walter R.; Smith, Thomas B.

doi:10.1111/area.12469

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, in 2015, about $6b out of $12b of raw tobacco was exported out of malaria-affected countries, but $20b out of $29b of processed tobacco was finally sold out of Europe and North America 47 . China sources African timber predominantly as rough logs, and adds significant value as it turns these into a plethora of wood products such as furniture 60 An interesting bird's-eye view of the supply-chain structure of malaria risk can be gained from a world map ( Fig. 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global consumption and international trade in deforestation-associated commodities could influence malaria risk

et al. 2020

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Deforestation can increase the transmission of malaria. Here, we build upon the existing link between malaria risk and deforestation by investigating how the global demand for commodities that increase deforestation can also increase malaria risk. We use a database of trade relationships to link the consumption of deforestation-implicated commodities in developed countries to estimates of country-level malaria risk in developing countries. We estimate that about 20% of the malaria risk in deforestation hotspots is driven by the international trade of deforestation-implicated export commodities, such as timber, wood products, tobacco, cocoa, coffee and cotton. By linking malaria risk to final consumers of commodities, we contribute information to support demand-side policy measures to complement existing malaria control interventions, with co-benefits for reducing deforestation and forest disturbance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global consumption and international trade in deforestation-associated commodities could influence malaria risk

et al. 2020

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“…In another study by Fuller et al (2019) It was further disclosed that US demand for Chinese-made furniture was positively correlated with Chinese timber imports from the Congo Basin, thus suggesting that US demand for furniture constitutes a significant economic driver of deforestation of the Congo basin. Asamoah et al (2020) came out with findings in a scientific research in Ghana to assess the wood waste generation, its management practices, and its effects on Ghanaian forest that the rate of logging in Ghana has increased due to increased number of Sawmilling companies in the country which have increased the sawn timber production.…”

Section: Review Of Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental Cost Accounting Implications on Timber Company Productivity in Cameroon

Mukah¹

2021

OJAcct

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Cameroon like many countries in the world pursues the achievement of sustainable development, positive relationship with the community, and effective and efficient environmental conservation activities. Organisations are expected to identify and incorporate costs of safeguarding the environment into their financial statements. The objective of this study was to identify the implications of some environmental costs prevention variables on the productivity of timber production companies in Cameroon. Specifically, it examined the effect of cost accounting for pollution prevention, global environmental conservation, and resource recycle on the output of timber companies. Through a survey, data was collected and analysed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique. The empirical results revealed that it is cost-saving and profitable to carry out cost accounting for pollution prevention, contribution to global environmental conservation, and resource recycling by environmental stakeholders. An increase in the cost accounting for any of these independent variables significantly improves the productivity of timber companies, since a more work-friendly environment is created for optimum production than if these costs were not accounted for. All environmental stakeholders should be adequately sensitised by the government and professional accounting bodies on the benefits accruing from incorporating realistic values of natural resources and the costs of environmental conservation in their financial records and statements. The government in its effort to make a realistic assessment of the income of the country should ensure that accountability is given for both operational contributions and operational impact on the environment.

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“…10B). In addition, the total accumulated export of wood from the Congo Basin countries-which have some 60 primate species-to China doubled between 2001 and 2015, with a concomitant increase in the loss of tree cover (Fuller et al, 2018). Global demand for tropical forestry products (e.g., timber) has increased over the past several decades.…”

Section: Forestry Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complex environmental and economic drivers surround the trade of tropical timber and deforestation. For example, US demand for Chinese-made furniture positively correlated with Chinese timber imports from the Congo Basin, suggesting that the US demand for furniture motivates the harvest of timber by Chinese commercial businesses (Fuller et al, 2018). Although some primate species-orangutans (Pongo), for example-can survive temporarily in logged forests, they and other primate species such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are adversely affected, and their long-term persistence in these degraded habitats is unlikely (Meijaard et al, 2012;Voigt et al, 2018;Morgan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Forestry Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding global commodities trade and consumption place the world’s primates at risk of extinction

Estrada

Garber

Chaudhary

2019

PeerJ

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As a consequence of recent human activities. populations of approximately 75% of the world’s primates are in decline, and more than 60% of species (n = 512) are threatened with extinction. Major anthropogenic pressures on primate persistence include the widespread loss and degradation of natural habitats caused by the expansion of industrial agriculture, pastureland for cattle, logging, mining, and fossil fuel extraction. This is the result of growing global market demands for agricultural and nonagricultural commodities. Here, we profile the effects of international trade of forest-risk agricultural and nonagricultural commodities, namely soybean, oil palm, natural rubber, beef, forestry products, fossil fuels, metals, minerals, and gemstones on habitat conversion in the Neotropics, Africa, and South and Southeast Asia. Total estimated forest loss for these regions between 2001 and 2017 was ca 179 million ha. The average percent of commodity-driven permanent deforestation for the period 2001–2015 was highest in Southeast Asia (47%) followed by the Neotropics (26%), South Asia (26%), and Africa (7%). Commodities exports increased significantly between 2000 and 2016 in all primate range regions leading to the widespread conversion of forested land to agricultural fields and an increase in natural resource extraction. In 2016, US $1.1 trillion of natural-resource commodities were traded by countries in primate range regions. The Neotropics accounted for 41% of the total value of these exports, Southeast Asia for 27%, Africa 21%, and South Asia 11%. Major commodity exporters in 2016 were Brazil, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and South Africa, countries of high primate diversity and endemism. Among the top 10 importers were China, the US, Japan, and Switzerland. Primate range countries lag far behind importer nations in food security and gross domestic product per capita, suggesting that trade and commodity-driven land-use have done little to generate wealth and well-being in primate habitat countries. Modeling of land-use and projected extinction of primate species by 2050 and 2100 under a business as usual scenario for 61 primate range countries indicate that each country is expected to see a significant increase in the number of species threatened with extinction. To mitigate this impending crisis, we advocate the “greening” of trade, a global shift toward a low-meat diet, reduced consumption of oil seed, diminished use of tropical timber, fossil fuels, metals, minerals, and gemstones from the tropics, accompanied by a stronger and sustained global resolve to regulate and reverse the negative impacts of growing unsustainable global demands and commodity trade on income inequality, and the destruction of primates and their habitats.

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Assessing the impact of China's timber industry on Congo Basin land use change

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Global consumption and international trade in deforestation-associated commodities could influence malaria risk

Global consumption and international trade in deforestation-associated commodities could influence malaria risk

Environmental Cost Accounting Implications on Timber Company Productivity in Cameroon

Expanding global commodities trade and consumption place the world’s primates at risk of extinction

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