Assessing the impact of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on biological systems: a review

Mussttaf, Ruwaidah A.; Jenkins, David; Jha, Awadhesh N.

doi:10.1080/09553002.2019.1524944

Cited by 176 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…[16][17][18] Among nonsurgical treatment modalities, PBMT has increased in interest during the past few years, conceivably due to its ease of application in conjunction with growing scientific evidence regarding its positive impacts on pain alleviation. 19 PBMT is a treatment method that commonly consists of noncollimated, coherent, and monochromatic beams of low intensities of laser light. However, during the past decade, noncoherent light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have frequently been applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation in Temporomandibular Disorders

Tunér

Hosseinpour

Fekrazad

2019

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery

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Objective: This systematic review aimed to comprehensively review all available documents regarding photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) application in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients and to suggest an evidence-based protocol for therapeutic PBM administration for these patients. Background data: The existence of temporomandibular joint and/or pain and dysfunction in masticatory muscles is characterized in TMDs. PBMT is, due to its impact on biological processes, especially inflammation, considered as an adjuvant treatment modality in TMD cases. Materials and methods: All original articles related to PBMT for TMDs in EMBASE, MEDLINE (NCBI PubMed and PMC), Cochrane library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were reviewed until December 2018. Results: The energy density ranging from 0.75 to 112.5 J/cm 2 with 0.9-500 mW power was found to be a window protocol for light application. The best results for pain relief and mandibular movement enhancement were reported after application of GaAlAs diode laser, 800-900 nm, 100-500 mW, and <10 J/cm 2 , twice a week for 30 days on trigger points. The session of light applications varied from 1 to 20. Conclusions: Although most articles showed that PBMT is effective in reducing pain and contributed to functional enhancement in TMD patients, the heterogenic parameters that have been reported in various studies made the standardization of PBMT complicated. However, such evidence-based consensus can be beneficial for both future research and for clinical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation in Temporomandibular Disorders

Tunér

Hosseinpour

Fekrazad

2019

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery

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“…In contrast, traditional dose-responses are usually increase by several folds. The hormatic dose-response is well known in various NIR light applications, because photo--stimulatory or photo-inhibitory effects are shown in low (0.001 J/cm 2 ) or high (.10 J/cm 2 ) energy densities respectively [31]. Positive responses can be achieved in the dose range for desired therapeutic outcomes [16,32,33].…”

Section: Nir Light Effects and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Infrared (NIR) Light Therapy of Eye Diseases: A Review

Zhu¹,

Xiao²,

Hua³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Near infrared (NIR) light therapy, or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), has gained persistent worldwide attention in recent years as a new novel scientific approach for therapeutic applications in ophthalmology. This ongoing therapeutic adoption of NIR therapy is largely propelled by significant advances in the fields of photobiology and bioenergetics, such as the discovery of photoneuromodulation by cytochrome c oxidase and the elucidation of therapeutic biochemical processes. Upon transcranial delivery, NIR light has been shown to significantly increase cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities which suggests its role in inducing metabolic and antioxidant beneficial effects. Furthermore, NIR light may also boost cerebral blood flow and cognitive functions in humans without adverse effects. In this review, we highlight the value of NIR therapy as a novel paradigm for treatment of visual and neurological conditions, and provide scientific evidence to support the use of NIR therapy with emphasis on molecular and cellular mechanisms in eye diseases.

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“…To assess erectile function, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire was used. 20 According to the IIEF-5 questionnaire, the classes of ED were identified as follows: severe (5-7), moderate (8)(9)(10)(11), mild to moderate (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), mild (17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and normal (22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,13 A laser carries light energy to injured cells to stimulate the local release of nitric oxide (a vasodilator agent), to improve cellular energy by stimulating mitochondria to accelerate ATP production, to increase metabolic activity and cell growth, improving wound healing, and to reduce acute and chronic pain. 14,15 All of these laser characteristics can reverse abnormal fibrotic reaction in PD pathophysiology. 13 For the first time in 1995 Johnson et al, 16 used a lowlevel gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser to treat patients with PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Therapy for Peyronie’s Disease: A Randomized Control Double-Blind Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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Introduction: The management of Peyronie’s disease (PD) has remained a therapeutic dilemma for physicians and there is no gold standard treatment. In this paper, we decided to investigate the beneficial effect of the intralesional administration of verapamil compared with the intralesional administration of verapamil plus a low-intensity laser (LIL). Methods: Research was activated from May 2016 to May 2018 and a total of 38 men aged 18 years and older completed the investigation. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was composed of 22 patients that were treated only by verapamil (5 mg) plus a sham laser weekly for 6 weeks, and group 2 consisted of 22 patients that received a laser, using the BTL–6000 HIGH-INTENSITY LASER 12 W machine and the same protocol of intralesional verapamil injection. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain during an erection, penile ultrasonography was used to measure plaque size, the penile curvature angle degree was measured using the photographs taken during an erection, and the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire was used to assess erectile function. The follow-up treatment lasted for nine months, with visits performed in the 3rd and 9th months. Results: All study parameters decreased significantly after treatment in both arms, but the reduction in pain and penile curvature improvements in combination therapy revealed more significant changes in 3 months (p = .035, p=.032). Nevertheless, these improvements were not seen in the follow-up session after 9 months. Conclusion: A laser appears to be safe treatment modality in carefully-selected patients with PD. It has moderate efficacy in the short term.

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Assessing the impact of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on biological systems: a review

Cited by 176 publications

References 182 publications

Photobiomodulation in Temporomandibular Disorders

Photobiomodulation in Temporomandibular Disorders

Near Infrared (NIR) Light Therapy of Eye Diseases: A Review

Laser Therapy for Peyronie’s Disease: A Randomized Control Double-Blind Pilot Study

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