Assessing the Impact of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) on Growth Performance, Anti-Oxidative, and Immune Activities in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the basal diet was supplemented with ethanolic extract of purslane (<jats:italic>Portulaca oleracea</jats:italic> L.) and the possible effects on growth performance, anti-oxidative, and immune activities of grass carp were evaluated. Fish with initial weight 1.23 ± 0.11g were randomly divided into four groups (triplicates) and fed purslane extract at 0% (T0), 0.5% (T1), 1% (T2), and 1.5% (T3) for 56 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the results showed that growth parameters were enhanced in T1 groups compared to the control group (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Lipase activity in T1 and T2 groups increased, whereas no significant changes were noticed in cases of amylase and protease activities (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&gt;0.05). Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were enhanced in all groups fed the supplemented diets in comparison with the control group (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;0.05). However, no significant alteration was noticed in the case of glutathione peroxidase activity following the administration of purslane extract (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&gt;0.05). A significant increase in total immunoglobulin level was noted in the T1 group, but lysozyme activity was higher in T1 and T2 groups compared to the control group (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of grass carp diet with the purslane ethanolic extract, especially at 0.5%, can improve growth performance, lipase activity, the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as the immune response of grass carp fingerlings.</jats:p>

Experimental and clinical studies on the effects of Portulaca oleracea L. and its constituents on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders, a review

“…The immuno‐modulatory effect of P. oleracea ethyl acetate extracts on cyclophosphamide‐induced immuno‐suppression in mice, elevated phagocytosis, and higher proliferative response in splenic lymphocytes, emphasizing the immuno‐modulatory properties of P. oleracea (Catap, Kho, & Jimenez, 2018). Supplementation of grass carp diet with the P. oleracea ethanol solution extract, especially at 0.5%, improved growth performance, lipase activity, the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as the immune response of grass carp fingerlings (Ahmadifar, Hoseinifar, Adineh, Moghadam, & Dawood, 2020).…”

A Review of Grass Carp and Related Species Literature on Diet, Behavior, Toxicology, and Physiology Focused on Informing Development of Controls for Invasive Grass Carp Populations in North America

“…Extract of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) added to commercial diet at 10 to 40 g/kg diet does not affect growth rate of grass carp [321]. Addition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) extract at 0.5% of pelleted grass carp feed can improve growth, lipase activity, the antioxidant status, and immune response of fingerling grass carp [322]. The dietary supplementation of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) improved the growth of grass carp [323].…”