Assessing the pattern between economic and digital development of countries

Abstract

This paper analyzes the digital development of 110 countries and its relationship with economic development. Using factor analysis, we combined seven ICT-related variables into a single measure of digital development. This measure was then used as the dependent variable in an OLS model that allows non-linear effects, with the GDP per capita of countries as the explanatory variable. Our findings are substantive in that the correlation between economic and digital development was found to be not linear, being much stronger in poorer countries, a finding not commonly seen in the literature. As a result, future studies that focus on the relationship between economic and digital developments may benefit from our findings, by postulating this type of relationship. In our model we were able to explain 83% of the variation in the digital development of countries, compared to just 72% if considering only a linear relationship.

Barriers to the Development of Smart Cities in Indian Context

“…For this work, a smart city can be defined as a technologically advanced and modernised territory with a certain intellectual ability that deals with various social, technical, economic aspects of growth based on smart computing techniques to develop superior infrastructure constituents and services (Bakıcı et al 2013;Cruz-Jesus et al 2017;Washburn et al 2010;Zygiaris 2013;Chatterjee and Kar 2018b).…”

Assessing the Gap between Technology and the Environmental Sustainability of European Cities

“…This practice ranges from understanding how cities function to improve their management, to offering services that improve the quality of life of citizens (Bibri and Krogstie 2017a;Rana et al 2018). It has also improved other aspects of society connected to the urban domain such as education, communication, financial services and commerce (Cruz-Jesus et al 2017).…”

“…ICT products and services are playing an essential role in improving the sustainability and liveability of cities. These products and services range from the new wave of computing such as big data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to ICT-enabled applications such as eCommerce, eBanking, eHealth, eLearning, and e-mail (Bibri and Krogstie 2017a;Cruz-Jesus et al 2017;Pappas et al 2018). They enable new sustainable ways of doing business and providing services in what is known as BDigital Transformation^ (Pappas et al 2018;Venkatesh 2008).…”

“…The conceptual framework proposed by OECD for measuring the information society consists of the following interconnected modules: ICT supply, ICT Infrastructure, ICT demand, ICT products, information and electronic content and ICT in a broader context (OECD 2005). Several researchers have adapted modules from this framework and used it to study the ICT impact relationship in different contexts such as economic development (Cruz-Jesus et al 2017) and sustainable development (Azadnia et al 2017). Furthermore, building on the framework proposed by Berkhout and Hertin (2001) to study the demand side (users and uses) of ICT and its effect on the environmental sustainability, we sought to explore this link by including indicators that measure the infrastructure and pervasiveness of ICT in our study.…”

“…Broadband Internet is increasingly becoming important because of the recent explosion of bandwidth-intensive applications such as online gaming, audio and video streaming (Kim and Hwang 2012). Broadband Internet per 100,000 persons has been used by many authors to measure ICT development (Cruz-Jesus et al 2017;OECD 2009;Vicente and López 2011) Data on this variable are widely available with relatively long-time series. There are standardised methodologies and collection procedures of this data (OECD 2009).…”