Assessing the performance against houseflies of indoor aerosol space sprays. Part I. Factors examined during tests with houseflies in free flight

White, Anthony; Martin, Robert A.; Stewart, Duncan C.; Wickham, John C.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780340210

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Since their introduction in the 1940s, the bioefficacy of such devices has been greatly improved through an understanding of the influence of the physical properties of the spray. These properties include the droplet size distribution, the solvent type, and the use of synergists 1. 2 The electrostatic charge carried by the aerosol spray is one factor that has not been considered previously with respect to these devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced efficiency of electrostatically charged insecticide aerosols

Whitmore

Hughes

Harrison

et al. 2001

Pest Management Science

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The bioefficacy of a standard domestic aerosol insecticide has been compared with that of a similar spray in which the droplets were electrostatically charged. The aerosol was charged without the need for an external power supply, by enhancing natural charge separation processes that occur during atomisation. The charge-to-mass ratio achieved was 1.1 x 10(-4) C kg-1, compared with 2.2 x 10(-5) C kg-1 for the standard aerosol. Efficiency was assessed for insects in free flight. A direct space-spray application method was used to study the bioefficacy of these aerosols on houseflies, Musca domestica, and an indirect space-spray method on houseflies and mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus. Two levels of concentration of active ingredients were compared. At low concentrations of 1.57 g kg-1 of bioallethrin and 0.29 g kg-1 of bioresmethrin, the charged aerosol achieved a significant reduction in KDT50 (time at which 50% of the flies were knocked down), compared with the standard aerosol. In the direct spray application to houseflies, the KDT50 was reduced by 50%, while in the indirect spray the KDT50 was reduced by 40%. In the indirect spray of mosquitoes, the KDT50 was reduced by 22%. With higher active ingredient concentrations of 2.09 g kg-1 for bioallethrin and 0.39 g kg-1 for bioresmethrin, the charged aerosol also demonstrated faster knockdown than the standard, but the improvement was less marked. In the direct spray application to houseflies, the KDT50 was reduced by 21% compared with the standard aerosol, while in the indirect spray the KDT50 was reduced by 16%. In the indirect spray of mosquitoes, the KDT50 was reduced by 24%. The percentage mortality after 24 h was also increased with the charged aerosol. Charge carried by the droplets results in increased interception of the insecticide, as the droplets are attracted to the insects in flight and space charge effects within the aerosol could cause improved dispersion in the test chamber.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced efficiency of electrostatically charged insecticide aerosols

Whitmore

Hughes

Harrison

et al. 2001

Pest Management Science

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The interactions between routes of exposure and physicochemical properties of four water‐dilutable permethrin formulations in relation to their activities against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner)

1992

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A series of laboratory experiments were undertaken to compare the activities of four water‐dilutable permethrin formulations against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hubner). The formulations used were “Pounce 3.2 EC”, “Ambush 2.0 EC” and two novel formulations (containing evaporation retardants) supplied, for comparison, by Roussel Uclaf Environmental Health Ltd, Berkhamsted, UK (formerly Wellcome Environmental Health Ltd). Bioassays were developed to investigate the activity of the insecticides via topical, residual and residual/dietary routes of exposure. The test insects were exposed to insecticide droplets, of 200 μm diameter, either directly or indirectly (on cabbage leaves or parafilm) using an on‐demand droplet generator. Following exposure to insecticide, the test species were confined in petri dishes and mortality assessments were made at 24 h after treatment. The results were analyzed using probits. The results indicated that up to 15‐fold differences in activity between formulations may occur when exposure is via residual contact on an artificial waxy surface (parafilm). The novel formulations were found to be far more active than the standard EC formulations. These differences in activity were significantly correlated with the dynamic surface tension and droplet spread upon cabbage leaves of the formulations. The results are discussed in terms of the bioavailability of pyrethroids upon waxy surfaces and also in terms of the potential for manipulating the pick‐up of pesticides from plant surfaces.

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The Evaluation of Synergistic Action in the Laboratory and Field

Stewart¹

1999

Piperonyl Butoxide

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Assessing the performance against houseflies of indoor aerosol space sprays. Part I. Factors examined during tests with houseflies in free flight

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Enhanced efficiency of electrostatically charged insecticide aerosols

Enhanced efficiency of electrostatically charged insecticide aerosols

The interactions between routes of exposure and physicochemical properties of four water‐dilutable permethrin formulations in relation to their activities against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner)

The Evaluation of Synergistic Action in the Laboratory and Field

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