Assessing the potential for pesticide leaching for the pine forest areas of Tenerife

Díaz-Díaz, Ricardo; Loague, Keith

doi:10.1002/etc.5620200914

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the last decades farming in these Islands has turned into an intensive type of agriculture (plastic greenhouses) [6]. It is well known that intensive agriculture uses pesticides in large amounts [7].According to calculations, in 2001 the Canary Islands consumed 12 times more pesticides by hectare than the rest of Spain [8]. Previous data confirms that the general population in the Canary Islands presents with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the main metabolite of DDT [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to DDT by Breast Milk Analysis in Canary Islands

et al. 2014

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IntroductionThe use of p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been banned since the late 1970s due to its toxicity. However, its long half-life makes it persistent in the environment and, consequently, almost everyone has DDT residues in the body. Human milk constitutes an ideal non-conventional matrix to investigate environmental chronic exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) residues. The study aimed to identify potential population risk factors of exposure to DDT due to the proximity to countries where it is still used.MethodsSeventy-two consecutive lactating women were prospectively included in Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). A validated questionnaire was used to obtain socioeconomic, demographics data, and daily habits during pregnancy. DDT levels in breast milk were measured by gas chromatography with-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Anthropometrics measurements in newborns were obtained.ResultsThirty-four out of 72 (47.2%) of the analysed milk samples presented detectable levels of DDT (mean: 0.92 ng/g), ranging between 0.08 to 16.96 ng/g. The socio-demographic variables did not significantly differ between detectable DDT and non-detectable DDT groups. We found positive association between DDT levels and vegetables (OR (95%CI): 1.23 (1.01–1.50)) and poultry meat (OR (95%CI): 2.05 (1.16–3.60)) consumption, and also between the presence of DDT in breast milk and gestational age (OR (95%CI): 0.59 (0.40–0.90)).ConclusionsDDT is present in breast milk of women at the time of delivery. Residual levels and the spread from countries still using DDT explain DDT detection from vegetables and from animal origin food. The presence of this compound in breast milk represents a pre- and postnatal exposure hazard for foetuses and infants due to chronic bioaccumulation and poor elimination, with possible deleterious effects on health. This data should be used to raise awareness of the risks of OCs exposure and to help establish health policies in order to avoid its use worldwide and thus, to prevent its propagation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to DDT by Breast Milk Analysis in Canary Islands

et al. 2014

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“…Herbicides that do not degrade rapidly or that are not tightly bound to soil colloids are more likely to remain available in soil solution and cause off-target effects to nearby plants. Triclopyr's degradation and absorption characteristics increase its potential for leaching and offtarget effects (Diaz-Diaz and Loague 2001;Tu et al 2001;USDA 1996). Some plant species are quite sensitive to triclopyr at very low soil residual levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although effective, the use of herbicides in wildland areas is not without risk. Potential detrimental effects from herbicide use in restoration settings include amphibian mortality (Relyea 2005), off-target death of native plants (Cornish and Burgin 2005), and leaching of herbicides into groundwater (Diaz-Diaz and Loague 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Off-Target Effects Due to Basal Bark Treatment for Control of Invasive Fig Trees (Ficus carica)

Holmes¹,

Berry²

2009

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Basal bark treatments involve the application of concentrated herbicide solution on each individual stem of targeted plants. When applied to stands of invasive plants with high stem densities, basal bark treatments may result in the use of large quantities of herbicide in a given area. The effect of basal bark treatments using a solution of 25% triclopyr herbicide and 75% methylated seed oil was tested on research plots located in six different groves of invasive fig, a densely stemmed, problematic invader of riparian forests in California. The experimental treatments resulted in application rates that were equivalent to 28 to 44 kg ae/ha, greatly in excess of the labeled maximum use rate of 9 kg ae/ha (8 lb/ac). At 175 d after application, soils near the fig trunks contained high levels of triclopyr residues (up to 6.6 ppmw), suggesting that the chemical made its way into soils during this period and was not completely degraded. Although the mortality of native plants transplanted into treated fig groves was low (up to 16%), it was significantly greater than the mortality experienced by native plants transplanted into untreated control sites (0%). Although effective in controlling invasive fig trees (> 99% mortality), the high herbicide application rates from basal bark treatment preclude the use of this treatment in large fig groves. These treatments may be appropriate, however, when fig groves are small or isolated enough to prevent overapplication on a per-area basis. In addition, neither limited basal bark applications of triclopyr (< 40% of stems treated) nor foliar spray treatments of 2% glyphosate were effective control measures. Further investigation is needed on ways to control large invasive fig groves.

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“…Index and overlay methods simplify or neglect the physical processes and characterize vulnerability as a qualitative measure of relative leaching potential. Therefore, these methods are particularly suited to and have been predominantly used for applications at the regional scale, as they usually only require the determination of statistical relationships, based on selected soil and chemical properties, and net annual recharge (e.g., Blanke, 1999; Diaz‐Diaz and Loague, 2001; Khan and Liang, 1989; Loague, 1994; Loague et al, 1990; Mills, 2004). Process‐based simulation models of leaching are generally based on the numerical solution of Richards' equation with the advection–dispersion equation.…”

Section: Current Approaches To Nonpoint‐source Ground Water Vulnerabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Ground Water Vulnerability with the Type Transfer Function Model in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Stewart

Loague

2004

J of Env Quality

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The recently developed type transfer function (TTF) simulation approach was applied to generate a regional-scale nonpoint-source ground water vulnerability assessment for the San Joaquin Valley, California. The computationally comparatively inexpensive TTF approach produces quantitative estimates of contaminant concentrations for large regional scales through characteristic functions based on different soil textures and their leaching properties. The TTF simulations employed an extensive soil and recharge database to estimate atrazine (1-chloro-3-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-2,4,6-triazine) concentrations at a compliance depth of 3 m resulting from a surface application. Two different sets of TTFs with two different levels of upscaling were used for spatially uniform and distributed recharge estimates. Results show that estimated atrazine concentrations can be related to soil survey information. Areas with high potential vulnerability to atrazine leaching were found for soils with low organic carbon content and sandy loam and loam textures. Travel times for atrazine peak concentrations to the compliance depth ranged from 350 to 730 d. The extent of areas with estimated atrazine concentrations above the maximum contaminant level was less extensive when uniform annual recharge values were used. Simulated TTF concentrations were highest for eastern Fresno County, a vulnerability pattern that is also supported by field observations. The TTF modeling approach is shown to be a useful tool for quantitative pesticide leaching estimates at regional scales significantly larger than those of previous studies.

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Assessing the potential for pesticide leaching for the pine forest areas of Tenerife

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to DDT by Breast Milk Analysis in Canary Islands

Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to DDT by Breast Milk Analysis in Canary Islands

Evaluation of Off-Target Effects Due to Basal Bark Treatment for Control of Invasive Fig Trees (Ficus carica)

Assessing Ground Water Vulnerability with the Type Transfer Function Model in the San Joaquin Valley, California

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