Assessing the Reliability, Factor Structure, and Validity of the African Self-Consciousness Scale in a General Population of African Americans

Stokes, Julie; Murray, Carolyn B.; Peacock, M.; Kaiser, Robert T.

doi:10.1177/00957984940201006

Cited by 50 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nobles Additionally, core components of the framework underlying this instrument is the communal nature "which characterizes the self-extension orientation of African people" (Baldwin and Bell, 1985, p.62). An assessment of the reliability, factor structure, and validity of the ASC by Stokes et al (1994) suggests that the dimensions originally proposed by Baldwin and Bell (1985) are consistent with this study's factor analysis, and, overall, the results provided good support for the viability of the ASC for researching African American self-concept.…”

Section: African Centered Cultural Perspectives In Psychology: Theorysupporting

confidence: 82%

Exploring the Role of Culture and Race in African American Adolescents

Cartman¹,

Watts²,

Armstrong³

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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There are myriad definitions of the terms race, ethnicity and culture in social sciences literature. Often these terms are used interchangeably with no conceptual rationale. This study aims to contribute to our greater understanding of the similarities and differences between the conceptualization and use of race and culture as they are experienced by African American adolescents. Multiple regression analyses and factor analysis were conducted for 223 African American high school aged students who completed a survey about racial and ethnic identity and a variety of positive youth development outcomes. Results showed preliminary support for race and culture being distinguishable yet intricately related. Results are also presented that compares the relationship of either a racial or cultural orientation on various youth development outcomes.

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Section: African Centered Cultural Perspectives In Psychology: Theorysupporting

confidence: 82%

Exploring the Role of Culture and Race in African American Adolescents

Cartman¹,

Watts²,

Armstrong³

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Negatively worded questions are reverse-scored. The 6-week test-retest reliability estimate was .90 (Baldwin & Bell 1985), and Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the total scale have been calculated at .70 (Baldwin & Bell, 1985) and .78 (Stokes et al 1994). In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was .81.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers assumed that factors of the scale were interrelated, consistent with Baldwin's proposition that African Self-Consciousness affects all areas of African American psychological functioning (Baldwin 1984;Stokes et al 1994). Consequently, an oblique factor rotation was used, producing a four-factor solution which was interpreted as concordant with Baldwin and Bell's (1985) original conception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The final list included the 42 items rated most relevant to African SelfConsciousness and agreed upon by a majority of judges. Using this scale, internal reliability alpha coefficients have been produced ranging from .61 to .89 (Baldwin & Bell, 1985;Dixon & Azibo, 1998;Stokes, Murray, Peacock, & Kaiser, 1994). Also, in a study of 109 African American college students, Baldwin and Bell (1985) calculated a test-retest reliability estimate of .90 over a six-week period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploratory Factor Analysis of African Self-Consciousness Scale Scores

2011

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The current study is an exploratory factor analysis of the African Self-Consciousness Scale (ASCS), a 42-item self-report measure of Afrocentricity, or the degree to which African American individuals espouse African-centered cultural, social, and political identities. Previous research has produced inconsistent results regarding the latent dimensionality and psychometric properties of the ASCS. With a sample of 348 African Americans, the current study conducts a methodologically rigorous exploratory factor analysis of ASCS scores. The study also examines convergent validity of the measure as compared to a measure of African Americans' endorsements of negative stereotypes of Blacks. Factor analysis produced strong support for a two-factor model of the ASCS.Further support for the validity of the ASCS was found when the factor assessing nonAfrocentric or anti-Afrocentric beliefs correlated significantly with the measure of stereotypes. This evidence strongly suggests that the ASCS is not a unidimensional measure. Implications of these findings for the use of the ASCS and recommendations for further investigation are discussed.

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“…Total scores range from 42 to 336, where higher scores indicate a greater awareness of African cultural heritage, the need for Black survival, and a proactive approach toward Black issues (Boatswain & Lalonde, 2000). Various studies have reported internal consistency of the ASC to range from α = .70 to α = .86 (Baldwin & Bell, 1985;Kelly & Floyd, 2001;Stokes, Murray, Peacock, & Kaiser, 1994).…”

Section: Marlowe-crowne Social Desirability Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Black Canadians' Coping Responses to Racial Discrimination

Joseph

Kuo

2008

Journal of Black Psychology

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On the basis of a cultural coping framework, the present study examined coping responses to racial discrimination among 190 Black Canadians. The study assessed the respondents' coping with both general (i.e., problem-and emotionfocused coping) and Africultural coping strategies (i.e., spiritual-centered, collective, and ritual-centered coping) across three different racial discrimination vignettes (i.e., interpersonal, institutional, and cultural discrimination). Furthermore, three individual and cultural difference variables, African self-consciousness, social desirability, and past race-related stress, were controlled in the analyses. As predicted, the results of the profile analysis and multivariate analyses showed that both general and Africultural coping were used by the participants in responding to all three types of discrimination. Additionally, differential coping patterns were found depending on the context of racial discrimination. Overall, the study suggests that Black Canadians are exposed to multiple race-related stressors that require them to adopt a flexible repertoire of general and culture-specific coping strategies.

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Assessing the Reliability, Factor Structure, and Validity of the African Self-Consciousness Scale in a General Population of African Americans

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Exploring the Role of Culture and Race in African American Adolescents

Exploring the Role of Culture and Race in African American Adolescents

Exploratory Factor Analysis of African Self-Consciousness Scale Scores

Black Canadians' Coping Responses to Racial Discrimination

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