Assessing the residual antibacterial activity of clinical materials disinfected with glutaraldehyde, o-phthalaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide or 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol by means of a bacterial toxicity assay

Abstract

This study investigated the use of a rapid bacterial toxicity test for detecting disinfectant residues released by disinfected materials. The test substances included an environmental disinfectant used in hospitals in high-risk areas, such as critical care units or emergency services, and three disinfectants used on clinical devices when a high level of disinfection is required. The test materials were polyurethane, polypropylene, glass, latex and cotton from different instruments and utensils used in hospitals. Of the four test disinfectants, o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (BNP) showed the greatest inhibitory activity (as much as 300-fold greater than hydrogen peroxide in the case of OPA) according to the toxicity text. However, with the exception of hydrogen peroxide on latex, it was the most porous test materials, namely latex and cotton, that accumulated the least residue. BNP was the disinfectant that left the least residue on the five test materials, while the greatest residual concentration was left by hydrogen peroxide on latex (as much as 5 microg/cm2). The biotest used in this study permitted the detection of disinfectant residues released by different types of previously disinfected clinical materials, and can be adapted to simulate elution conditions similar to those existing in routine hospital practice.

Mechanisms of the in vivo inhibition of calcification of bioprosthetic porcine aortic valve cusps and aortic wall with triglycidylamine/mercapto bisphosphonate

“…In the preparation of clinically used heterograft bioprosthetic heart valves (porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium), Glut is used as a fixative due to its principal roles as stabilizer [1] and sterilant [2], with some additional hypothetical benefits in the reduction of immunogenicity [3,4]. Despite these benefits, Glut crosslinks are inherently unstable [5,6] and as a result, a cytotoxic microenvironment ensues [7,8].…”

Hospital disinfection: efficacy and safety issues

“…This led the authors to predict that, although all the agents were skin and respiratory irritants, ortho-phthalaldehyde will probably be a sensitizer, whereas peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide will not. Patient safety was the motivation for a study in which a fluorescent bacterial metabolic model was used to assay residual disinfectants on materials used in medical devices [43 ]. The clinical relevance of this issue is highlighted by the occurrence of colitis after colonoscopy with inadequately rinsed instruments [44].…”

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Residual High-Level Disinfectants

“…cotton and latex , the residual toxicity was reportedly high. On latex, OPA was reported to have a toxicity 300x higher than that of H 2 O 2 Lerones et al, 2004 . Moreover, the antibacterial activity using Staphylococcus aureus showed that OPA effects lasted longest Miner et al, 2012 .…”

“…Studies on the uptake of GA to rubber and plastic materials have also been done, but none on its cytotoxicity Power and Russell, 1989. Lerones et al 2004and Miner et al 2012 did a unique study on the residual disinfectants and toxicity assay simultaneously.…”

“…Although Lerones et al 2004 andMiner et al 2012 evaluated the residual toxicity of disinfectants with bacteria, because the structures of bacteria and cells differ, the results and method with bacteria are inapplicable. This present study used a 3-dimensional culture system with HeLa cells grown in matrices composed of collagen, enabling a study on solid materials.…”