Assessing the risk posed to free-living soil nematodes by a genetically modified maize expressing the insecticidal Cry3Bb1 protein

Höss, Sebastian; Nguyen, Hang Thu; Menzel, Ralph; Pagel-Wieder, Sibylle; Miethling-Graf, R.; Tebbe, Christoph C.; Jehle, Johannes A.; Traunspurger, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.041

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…There are some reports of coleopteran active-Bt (Cry3Bb1) having impacts on soil nematodes communities (Neher et al, 2014). Laboratory studies have demonstrated Cry1Ab, Cry3Bb1, Cry2Ab2, Cry 5B, Cry6A, Cry14A and Cry21A have deleterious effects on bacterivorous nematodes (Hoss et al, 2013(Hoss et al, , 2011Wei et al, 2003). In contrast, numerous reports showed no apparent adverse effect of Bt crops on the community of soil nematodes (e.g.…”

Section: Dfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the presence of Bt-transgenic oilseed rape in wild mustard populations on the rhizosphere nematode and microbial communities

Liu

Stewart

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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The adventitious presence of transgenic crops in wild plant populations is of ecological and regulatory concern. In this context, their effects on non-target, below-ground organisms are not well understood. Here, we introduced, at various frequencies, Bt-transgenic oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus) into wild mustard (Brassica juncea) populations in the presence and absence of the target herbivore (Plutella xylostella). The impacts on soil nematode and microbial communities were assessed in this system. There were no significant changes on the number of nematode genera and abundance in proportions of OSR with mustard. Nonetheless, the Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness index was lowest in plant stands containing 50% of Bt-transgenic OSR. Among treatments, there was no significant variation for culturable soil microbes. There was a positive association between foliar herbivory and the abundance of plant parasitic (PP) and cp-3 nematodes, whereas there was no association between herbivory and soil microbial populations. There was no direct effects of the presence of Bt-transgenic OSR in wild mustard populations on the rhizosphere nematode and microbial communities, whereas its indirect effects via aboveground herbivory might be important to consider for biosafety assessments.

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Section: Dfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the presence of Bt-transgenic oilseed rape in wild mustard populations on the rhizosphere nematode and microbial communities

Liu

Stewart

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Wei et al (2003) demonstrated that Cry5B, Cry14A, Cry21A and Cry6A were toxic to four bacterial-feeding nematode species. Al-Deeb et al (2003) and Höss et al (2011) found no effect of Cry3Bb1 in Bt maize on Caenorhabditis elegans. Later, it was found that three insecticidal Cry proteins showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on Caenorhabditis elegans reproduction (EC50: 0.12 -0.38 μmol L −1 ), at concentrations that were far above the expected soil concentrations (Höss et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of transgenic insect-resistant maize to the community structure of soil nematodes in two field trials

Čerevková

Cagáň

2015

Helminthologia

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of Bt maize hybrid cultivation on soil nematode communities in two field trials, as well as to analyse other factors (fertilisation and moisture) responsible for the community structure of soil nematodes. Nematode communities were studied in maize plots at the locality of Borovce in western Slovakia. During 2012 and 2013, hybrids DK440 and DKC3871 (conventional) or DKC4442YG and DKC3872YG (Bt maize, event MON810) were sown in 10 repetitions each. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples collected at the maize flowering (July 11, 2012 and July 30, 2013). Altogether, 39 nematode species belonged to 35 genera were identified in two maize variants. The dominant taxa in both variants were Acrobeloides nanus, Cephalobus persegnis, Aphelenchoides composticola, Aphelenchus avenae, Eudorylaimus carteri and Filenchus vulgaris. Calculation of the maturity index, plant parasitic index, enrichment index and structure index did not confirm any clear influence of year or hybrid type on soil nematode communities. The proportional representation of cp-1, cp-2 and cp-3-5 groups of nematode fauna indicated conditions of low stability and high stress. Faunal profiles representing the structure and enrichment conditions of the soil food web showed an environment with a high C:N ratio and high levels of fungal feeders. Based on the calculation of the metabolic footprint of nematodes in the soil food web, a difference between the isoline maize variant and Bt maize variant in 2012 was found, but this difference was not readily apparent in 2013. The occurrence of nematodes, their abundance, proportion of feeding types and selected ecological indices did not depend on the type of maize hybrid (Bt or nonBt). Thus, the cultivation of genetically modified maize did not directly influence nematode populations. The application of fertiliser at certain periods does not influence the nematode community. The observed significant higher abundance of nematodes was correlated with soil moisture.

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“…Therefore, the nutritional content of an insect host can affect the host susceptibility to EPNs and its Þtness (Shapiro-Ilan et al 2008). Toxicity of Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb to free soil-dwelling nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been reported in the laboratory; however, the observed effects could not be explained by the direct toxicity of the Cry proteins (Hö ss et al 2008(Hö ss et al , 2011. Liu et al (2011) conÞrmed the presence of bioactive Cry1Ac in resistant P. xylostella larvae that fed on Bt broccoli and the presence of Cry1Ac in the endoparasitoid Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) that fed on P. xylostella larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tri-Trophic Studies Using Cry1Ac-Resistant <I>Plutella xylostella</I> Demonstrate No Adverse Effects of Cry1Ac on the Entomopathogenic Nematode, <I>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</I>

et al. 2014

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The potential impacts on natural enemies of crops that produce insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are an important part of an environmental risk assessment. Entomopathogenic nematodes are important natural enemies of lepidopteran pests, and the effects of Bt crops on these nontarget organisms should be investigated to avoid disruption of their biological control function. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Cry1Ac-expressing transgenic Bt broccoli on the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), under tri-trophic conditions. Using Cry1Ac-resistant Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae as hosts, we evaluated the potential impact of Cry1Ac-expressing Bt broccoli on several Þtness parameters of H. bacteriophora. Virulence, reproductive potential, time of emergence, and preference of H. bacteriophora for the host (P. xylostella) were not signiÞcantly affected when Cry1Ac-resistant P. xylostella larvae were reared on leaves of Cry1Ac or non-Bt broccoli. Also the aforementioned parameters of the subsequent generation of H. bacteriophora did not differ between nematodes obtained from P. xylostella reared on Cry1Ac broccoli compared with those obtained from P. xylostella reared on non-Bt broccoli. To the best of our knowledge, the current study provides the Þrst clear evidence that Cry1Ac does not affect important Þtness parameters of H. bacteriophora.

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Assessing the risk posed to free-living soil nematodes by a genetically modified maize expressing the insecticidal Cry3Bb1 protein

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

The effects of the presence of Bt-transgenic oilseed rape in wild mustard populations on the rhizosphere nematode and microbial communities

The effects of the presence of Bt-transgenic oilseed rape in wild mustard populations on the rhizosphere nematode and microbial communities

Effect of transgenic insect-resistant maize to the community structure of soil nematodes in two field trials

Tri-Trophic Studies Using Cry1Ac-Resistant <I>Plutella xylostella</I> Demonstrate No Adverse Effects of Cry1Ac on the Entomopathogenic Nematode, <I>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</I>

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