Assessing the Seismic Behavior of Rammed Earth Walls with an L-Form Cross-Section

Bui, Quoc-Bao; Bui, Tan Trung; Tran, Mai-Phuong; Bui, Thi-Loan; Hoang, An Le

doi:10.3390/su11051296

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…JUUL’s manufacturer claims “JUUL is for adult smokers seeking a satisfying alternative to cigarettes.” However, a recent survey reported 8% of Americans aged 15 to 24 years used JUUL in the 30 days before the survey [3]. The popularity of JUUL among youth has also recently been reported in news media [4-6]. Substantial and growing evidence shows that e-cigarette use by youth and young adults increases the risk of ever using conventional cigarettes, according to a 2018 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underage JUUL Use Patterns: Content Analysis of Reddit Messages

Zhan¹,

Zhang²,

Okamoto³

et al. 2019

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundThe popularity of JUUL (an e-cigarette brand) among youth has recently been reported in news media and academic papers, which has raised great public health concerns. Little research has been conducted on the age distribution, geographic distribution, approaches to buying JUUL, and flavor preferences pertaining to underage JUUL users.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze social media data related to demographics, methods of access, product characteristics, and use patterns of underage JUUL use.MethodsWe collected publicly available JUUL-related data from Reddit. We extracted and summarized the age, location, and flavor preference of subreddit UnderageJuul users. We also compared common and unique users between subreddit UnderageJuul and subreddit JUUL. The methods of purchasing JUULs were analyzed by manually examining the content of the Reddit threads.ResultsA total of 716 threads and 2935 comments were collected from the subreddit UnderageJuul before it was shut down. Most threads did not mention a specific age, but ages ranged from 13 years to greater than 21 years in those that did. Mango, mint, and cucumber were the most popular among the 7 flavors listed on JUUL’s official website, and 336 subreddit UnderageJuul threads mentioned 7 discreet approaches to circumvent relevant legal regulations to get JUUL products, the most common of which was purchasing JUUL from other Reddit users (n=181). Almost half of the UnderageJuul users (389/844, 46.1%) also participated in discussions on the main JUUL subreddit and sought information across multiple Reddit forums. Most (64/74, 86%) posters were from large metropolitan areas.ConclusionsThe subreddit UnderageJuul functioned as a forum to explore methods of obtaining JUUL and to discuss and recommend specific flavors before it was shut down. About half of those using UnderageJuul also used the more general JUUL subreddit, so a forum still exists where youths can attempt to share information on how to obtain JUUL and other products. Exploration of such social media data in real time for rapid public health surveillance could provide early warning for significant health risks before they become major public health threats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underage JUUL Use Patterns: Content Analysis of Reddit Messages

Zhan¹,

Zhang²,

Okamoto³

et al. 2019

J Med Internet Res

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“…The CDP model also assumes that damage plasticity characterizes the failure for tensile cracking and compressive crushing of the material and allows the definition of the strain softening in tension and strain hardening in compression. Previous studies have used the CDP model for masonry buildings under blast loading [32,33], concrete members under high strain rate [39], and rammed earth constructions under seismic events [40]. The dilation angle, flow potential eccentricity, ratio of initial equibiaxial compressive yield stress to the initial uniaxial compressive yield stress, and viscosity parameter were defined according to a previous study [41].…”

Section: Blast Loading Definition and Fem Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of an Earthen Masonry Structure Subjected to Blast Loading

Tse¹,

Pereira²,

Lourénço³

2021

CivilEng

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Historic monuments and construction capture the knowledge of civilizations of the past and are a source of pride for people of the present. Over the centuries, these buildings have been at risk from natural and man-made causes. The Alhambra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Granada, Spain, is one of such places. This paper aims to evaluate the structural performance of the Torre de la Vela, a tower in the Alhambra, under blast loads. The loads were based on historical records of barrels of gunpowder and were modeled as simplified pressure profiles using existing empirical equations. The effect of impulsive loading on the material properties was accounted for using dynamic increase factors, determined experimentally by previous authors. The model was created using finite element methods (FEM) and the problem was solved using explicit dynamic analysis available in Abaqus/Explicit. Using the failure volume damage index, a blast load applied outside and inside of the building would create a low damage level, which should be treated with caution given the occurrence of localized damage. The removal of elements exceeding a given damage threshold led to more visible damage patterns than the Concrete Tension Damage option in Abaqus.

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“…Due to the lack of specific information about material used traditionally in Croatia, the earth material with known mechanical properties and grain distribution described in [4] was used in this study. Mechanical properties that were not available in [4] where taken from [9]. Namely, both studies considered soil from the Rhone-Alpine region, France.…”

Section: Geometry and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pushover analysis was used to evaluate the seismic capacity of the structure. The target displacement was selected following the recommendations and observations provided in [4,9].…”

Section: Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Behaviour of Traditional Croatian Earth Architecture

Kraus¹,

Perić²,

Kaluđer³

et al. 2021

1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering

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Available evidence classifies traditional earth architecture as Croatia's treasure as they embody authenticity and uniqueness. Thereunto, Baranja's earth houses are presented as the best realizations of traditional Croatian rural architecture. Although present in Croatia, earth houses are often relinquished, damaged, or in an adverse state. The Act on Protection and Preservation of Cultural Goods defines the traditional earth house as an immovable cultural good which, as such, needs to be protected from disappearing. Nevertheless, until today there has been no conducted research on traditional Croatian earth architecture to assess their behaviour and performance. Croatia is situated in an earthquake-prone area, thus the design of all load-bearing structures has to be done in accordance with standards from the HRN EN 1998 series. In this paper, the seismic behaviour and dynamic properties of a typical Croatian earth house were investigated. The paper consists of three main parts. The first part is dedicated to the description of the geometry and materials of a typical traditional Croatian house. The second part presents numerical model developed using the ANSYS software package, which allowed assessment of the dynamic properties and seismic capacity of the house. The third and last part of the paper provides a discussion on results considering the nonlinear behaviour of the traditional earth house.

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Assessing the Seismic Behavior of Rammed Earth Walls with an L-Form Cross-Section

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Underage JUUL Use Patterns: Content Analysis of Reddit Messages

Underage JUUL Use Patterns: Content Analysis of Reddit Messages

Numerical Analysis of an Earthen Masonry Structure Subjected to Blast Loading

Seismic Behaviour of Traditional Croatian Earth Architecture

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