Assessing the utility of urinary and fecal cortisol as an indicator of stress in golden snub-nosed monkeys (<i>Rhinopithecus roxellana</i>)

Chen, Haochun; Yao, Hui; Yang, Weng Lang; Fan, Penglai; Xiang, Zuofu

doi:10.7717/peerj.3648

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We used the DetectX Steroid Immunoassay Kit from Arbor Assays for the cortisol analysis (catalogue #K003-H5). This kit was validated for dried faecal extracts by the manufacturer and had been used to measure cortisol in a number of previous studies (Brand et al 2016;Chen et al 2017;Endo et al 2018). The hormone extraction and assay analysis followed the manufacturer's guidelines (Arbor Assays 2009) with 2 alterations: all samples were processed wet and methanol was used in place of ethanol during the extraction procedure.…”

Section: Hormone Extraction and Assay Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

How do red deer react to increased visitor numbers? A case study on human-deer encounter probability and its effect on cortisol stress responses

Dixon¹,

Marriott²,

Stelfox³

et al. 2021

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The numbers of visitors to greenspaces in the United Kingdom has increased over the last few years as the health benefits of spending time in greenspaces have become better known. This has led to problems for conservation ecologists due to increased numbers of reported human-wildlife encounters. Deer are often found in public spaces and are of particular concern. Previous research suggests elevated levels of stress hormones (e.g., cortisol) in deer is a result of increased human activity. This has been linked to several negative effects on the deer’s health. From a practitioner’s point of view, it is therefore important to implement effective management strategies that are based on scientific evidence to help ensure the welfare of managed deer populations. In an effort to identify the impact of visitor numbers on faecal cortisol concentrations, samples from 2 red deer (Cervus elaphus) herds in Lyme Park (Cheshire), United Kingdom, were collected and analysed. A predictive spatial model was developed based on logistic regression to identify areas within the park of low and high human-deer encounter probability. The faecal cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher on days with a high number of visitors. In addition, landscape features such as buildings and roads increased the probability of human-deer encounters, whereas woodland and scrub decreased the probability. However, human-deer encounter probability changed with distance to the features. By providing local park managers with this scientific data, these findings can directly inform current management efforts to reduce deer stress levels in Lyme Park. In addition, the spatial modelling method has the capacity to be implemented in other parks across the country with minimal cost and effort.

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Section: Hormone Extraction and Assay Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

How do red deer react to increased visitor numbers? A case study on human-deer encounter probability and its effect on cortisol stress responses

Dixon¹,

Marriott²,

Stelfox³

et al. 2021

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“…Samples were prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (https://www. arborassays.com/assets/steroid-solid-extraction-protocol.pdf) [30]. Caecum corticosterone levels were analysed using a corticosterone chemiluminescent immunoassay kit in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (Arbor Assays, Ann Arbor, MI, USA).…”

Section: Assessment Of Glucocorticoid Secretion and Quantitative Rt-pmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-salt/high fat diet alters circadian locomotor activity and glucocorticoid synthesis in mice

et al. 2020

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Salt is an essential nutrient; however, excessive salt intake is a prominent public health concern worldwide. Various physiological functions are associated with circadian rhythms, and disruption of circadian rhythms is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and immune disease. Certain nutrients are vital regulators of peripheral circadian clocks. However, the role of a high-fat and high-salt (HFS) diet in the regulation of circadian gene expression is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an HFS diet on rhythms of locomotor activity, caecum glucocorticoid secretion, and clock gene expression in mice. Mice administered an HFS diet displayed reduced locomotor activity under normal light/dark and constant dark conditions in comparison with those administered a normal diet. The diurnal rhythm of caecum glucocorticoid secretion and the expression levels of glucocorticoid-related genes and clock genes in the adrenal gland were disrupted with an HFS diet. These results suggest that an HFS diet alters locomotor activity, disrupts circadian rhythms of glucocorticoid secretion, and downregulates peripheral adrenal gland circadian clock genes.

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“…Concerns with these methods are valid and based on inconsistent reports of hormone levels in fecal samples, caused by storage methods or other physiological influences [ 6 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. However, there are a considerable number of benefits to this methodology, including a noninvasive method of sample collection, as well as the means to assess net effects of stress accumulated over time [ 8 , 9 , 24 , 25 ]. This, therefore, supports our objective to validate techniques for hormone analyses and determine these baseline levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Indigestible Materials on the Efficiency of Fecal Corticosterone Immunoassay Testing in Pituophis Species

Racine

Guthrie

Hill

et al. 2022

Animals

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Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) has recently become a sought-after method for assessing stress in animals. While there are many benefits to this methodology, there are also recognized limitations, including the apprehensive interpretation of results. While many factors can influence FGM levels, we aimed to standardize and improve these methods in snakes. Fecal samples were collected from Pituophis species and FGMs were extracted by two different sample collection methods: (1) fecal sample containing undigested materials and (2) fecal samples with undigested materials removed. These extracts were then used to quantify FGM concentrations using a corticosterone EIA kit. The results indicated that the samples with the undigestible materials removed had a 95% increase in overall yield (p < 0.01). Since the collected fecal samples contain 75% undigestible materials by weight, these results support our hypothesis that removing these materials will improve extraction methods for a more reliable measurement of corticosterone. This is the first step towards standardizing the methods for assessing stress by measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in snakes.

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Assessing the utility of urinary and fecal cortisol as an indicator of stress in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

How do red deer react to increased visitor numbers? A case study on human-deer encounter probability and its effect on cortisol stress responses

How do red deer react to increased visitor numbers? A case study on human-deer encounter probability and its effect on cortisol stress responses

A high-salt/high fat diet alters circadian locomotor activity and glucocorticoid synthesis in mice

Impact of Indigestible Materials on the Efficiency of Fecal Corticosterone Immunoassay Testing in Pituophis Species

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