Assessing the validity of pressure-measuring insoles in quantifying gait variables

DeBerardinis, Jessica; Dufek, Janet S.; Trabia, Mohamed B.; Lidstone, Daniel E.

doi:10.1177/2055668317752088

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This overestimation was not reported in the validation studies done with other insoles. 6,26 The overestimated values could be explained by the sensitivity to the calibration procedure, which has already been shown by De Berardinis et al 26 for Medilogic ® insoles in healthy subjects. Another source of this discrepancy may lie in the difference in temperature inside the shoe between the prosthetic and contralateral limb, given that temperature is known to have an impact on measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Are wearable insoles a validated tool for quantifying transfemoral amputee gait asymmetry?

Loiret

Villa

Dauriac

et al. 2019

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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Background: Amputee gait is known to be asymmetrical, especially during loading of the lower limb. Monitoring asymmetry could be useful in quantifying patient performance during rehabilitation. Wearable insoles can provide normal ground reaction force asymmetry in real-life conditions. Objectives: To characterize the validity of Loadsol® insoles versus force plates in quantifying normal ground reaction force and gait asymmetry. To determine the influence walking speed has on loading asymmetry in transfemoral amputees. Study design: This is a prospective study. Methods: Six transfemoral amputees, wearing Loadsol® insoles, walked at three self-selected speeds on force plates. Validity was assessed by comparing normal ground reaction force data from the insoles and force plates. The Absolute Symmetry Index was used to calculate gait loading asymmetry at each speed. Results: Normalized root mean square errors for the normal ground reaction forces were 6.6% (standard deviation = 2.3%) and 8.9% (standard deviation = 3.8%); correlation coefficients were 0.91 and 0.95 for the prosthetic and intact limb, respectively. The mean error for Absolute Symmetry Index parameters ranged from −2.67% to 4.35%. Loading asymmetry increased with walking speed. Conclusion: This study quantified the validity of Loadsol® insoles in assessing loading asymmetry during gait in transfemoral amputees. The calibration protocol could be improved to better integrate it into a clinical setting. However, our results support the relevance of using such insoles during the clinical follow-up of transfemoral amputees. Clinical relevance This is the first study to validate Loadsol® insoles versus force plates and report on loading asymmetry during gait at three different speeds in transfemoral amputees. Loadsol® insoles, which provide visual and audio feedback, are clinically easy to use and could have beneficial application in the amputee’s rehabilitation and follow-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Are wearable insoles a validated tool for quantifying transfemoral amputee gait asymmetry?

Loiret

Villa

Dauriac

et al. 2019

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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“…Compared to the values reported in literature-where only a few systems based on force-sensitive resistors have been characterized for timing performance-our system accurately estimated the stance duration, with good responsiveness in HS and TO recognition, in line with the results reported in previous studies. In the first case, previous studies demonstrated that the Medilogic ® insoles could estimate the stance duration with less than 10% error [40], while a system based on two footswitches performed the estimation with a ± 3% error [41]. Regarding gait-events recognition, the reported errors for in-shoe systems compared to force plates fell within 30 ms.…”

Section: Gait Event Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Pressure-Sensitive Insoles for Real-Time Gait-Related Applications

Martini

Fiumalbi

Dell’Agnello

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Wearable robotic devices require sensors and algorithms that can recognize the user state in real-time, in order to provide synergistic action with the body. For devices intended for locomotion-related applications, shoe-embedded sensors are a common and convenient choice, potentially advantageous for performing gait assessment in real-world environments. In this work, we present the development of a pair of pressure-sensitive insoles based on optoelectronic sensors for the real-time estimation of temporal gait parameters. The new design makes use of a simplified sensor configuration that preserves the time accuracy of gait event detection relative to previous prototypes. The system has been assessed relatively to a commercial force plate recording the vertical component of the ground reaction force (vGRF) and the coordinate of the center of pressure along the so-called progression or antero-posterior plane (CoPAP) in ten healthy participants during ground-level walking at two speeds. The insoles showed overall median absolute errors (MAE) of 0.06 (0.02) s and 0.04 (0.02) s for heel-strike and toe-off recognition, respectively. Moreover, they enabled reasonably accurate estimations of the stance phase duration (2.02 (2.03) % error) and CoPAP profiles (Pearson correlation coefficient with force platform ρCoP = 0.96 (0.02)), whereas the correlation with vGRF measured by the force plate was lower than that obtained with the previous prototype (ρvGRF = 0.47 (0.20)). These results confirm the suitability of the insoles for online sensing purposes such as timely gait phase estimation and discrete event recognition.

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“…The most relevant parameters that can be calculated using the plantar pressure insoles were considered: Peak and Mean Pressure, the vertical component of the Ground Reaction Force (GRF), Center of Pressure (COP), the distance between COP and the origin (dCOP), and Contact Area. All data, except for the COP, were filtered using a 3rd order lowpass Butterworth filter with a cutoff frequency of 1/8 of the sampling frequency [ 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design and Simulation of a 16-Sensors Plantar Pressure Insole Layout for Different Applications: From Sports to Clinics, a Pilot Study

Ciniglio

Guiotto

Spolaor

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The quantification of plantar pressure distribution is widely done in the diagnosis of lower limbs deformities, gait analysis, footwear design, and sport applications. To date, a number of pressure insole layouts have been proposed, with different configurations according to their applications. The goal of this study is to assess the validity of a 16-sensors (1.5 × 1.5 cm) pressure insole to detect plantar pressure distribution during different tasks in the clinic and sport domains. The data of 39 healthy adults, acquired with a Pedar-X® system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) during walking, weight lifting, and drop landing, were used to simulate the insole. The sensors were distributed by considering the location of the peak pressure on all trials: 4 on the hindfoot, 3 on the midfoot, and 9 on the forefoot. The following variables were computed with both systems and compared by estimating the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): Peak/Mean Pressure, Ground Reaction Force (GRF), Center of Pressure (COP), the distance between COP and the origin, the Contact Area. The lowest (0.61%) and highest (82.4%) RMSE values were detected during gait on the medial-lateral COP and the GRF, respectively. This approach could be used for testing different layouts on various applications prior to production.

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Assessing the validity of pressure-measuring insoles in quantifying gait variables

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Are wearable insoles a validated tool for quantifying transfemoral amputee gait asymmetry?

Are wearable insoles a validated tool for quantifying transfemoral amputee gait asymmetry?

Pressure-Sensitive Insoles for Real-Time Gait-Related Applications

The Design and Simulation of a 16-Sensors Plantar Pressure Insole Layout for Different Applications: From Sports to Clinics, a Pilot Study

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