“…Notwithstanding the EIS market is vibrant and has grown very fast, benefits post-implementation are not guaranteed and often disappointing (Almutairi et al , 2021; Mullins and Cronan, 2021; Malik and Khan, 2020; Lee et al , 2020; Costa et al , 2020). Even giant firms such as Dell, FoxMeyer Drugs, Hershey, Mobil Europe, Dow Chemicals and Applied Materials have experienced disappointing results from EIS use.…”