Assessment and prevention of head motion during imaging of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

The present study serves to detail the specific procedures for a mock scanner protocol, report on its use in the context of a multi-site study, and make suggestions for improving such protocols based on data acquired during study scanning. Specifically, a mock scanner compliance training protocol was used in a functional imaging study with a group of adolescents and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a matched sample of healthy children and adults. Head motion was measured during mock and actual scanning. Participants across groups exhibited excess motion (>2 mm) on 43% of runs during the mock scanner. During actual scanning, excessive motion was limited to 10% of runs. There was clear task-correlated head motion during a go/no-go task that occurred even after the compliance training: Participants had a tendency to respond with increased head motion immediately after committing an error. This study illustrates the need to (1) report data attrition due to head motion, (2) assess task-related motion, and (3) consider mock scanner training in functional imaging protocols.

Cortical Arousal and Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

“…tones) by the child participants and restrict movement, the hallmark feature of ADHD. To date, however, assessing physiological processes in children with ADHD has proven problematic, as hyperactive pediatric samples are prone to producing motion artifact that may be related to the etiology of ADHD [21]. Historically, researchers were limited to simple listening tasks because of the capabilities of their physiological…”

Reprint of: Minimizing noise in pediatric task-based functional MRI; Adolescents with developmental disabilities and typical development

“…Many young children will not understand the degree to which they are moving and may forget that they were asked to remain still as the task progresses. Training in mock scanners prior to the fMRI session has consistently shown to improve the quality of data acquisition in pediatric groups (de Amorim e Silva et al, 2006;De Bie et al, 2010;Kotsoni et al, 2006;Poldrack et al, 2002) and pediatric clinical groups (Epstein et al, 2007). Training often integrates methods from the applied behavior analytic (ABA) methodology (Nordahl et al, 2016;Slifer et al, 1993).…”

Head motion in children with ADHD during resting-state brain imaging

“…26 The resting-state fMRI images were collected using a T2*-weighted gradient-echo EPI 27 to restrict head motion within the scanner. In-scanner head motion was calculated from the 31 resting-state fMRI images using the procedures described below.…”

“…This indicates that most of the 25 participants were able to undergo the rest-state fMRI scanning without significant head motion. 26 We performed paired t-tests to compare the pairs of head motion parameters within each 27 group. For translation parameters, motion along the x-axis (left-to-right) was significantly less 28 than motion along the y-and z-axis for both groups (ADHD: t(66) > 8.40, p < 0.001, corrected 29 with Bonferroni correction; TDC: t(139) > 10.00, p < 0.001, corrected).…”