“…The anatase phase structure (Eg: 3.2 eV) requires UV light energy with λ ≥ 385 nm, which is the energy required to produce illumination energy in the anatase TiO 2 photo-catalyst process. The photo-catalytic process is strongly influenced by the electron-hole recombination time (e-h + ), whereas the recombination can be extended if the doping process is carried out using transition metal ions on the TiO 2 surface [ 15 ].…”