An alternative method of synthesizing ZnO-TiO 2 nanorods is through route precipitation and sintering at 600 C. In this study, the introduction of Ti into Zn in the molar ratio Ti:Zn (1:3) produced a composite ZnO-Low TiO 2 (ZnO-LTiO 2 ) while 1:1 produced ZnO-High TiO 2 (ZnO-HTiO 2 ). The effect of the Ti introduced on the antibacterial properties of ZnO-TiO 2 nanorods was investigated with the product structure characterized by XRD and the optimal intensity at 2θ: 31.72 , 34.37 , 36.19 showed a Wurzite structure and a crystal size of 35.8-41.5 nm. The average pore diameters for ZnO-LTiO 2 and ZnO-HTiO 2 were around 5.159 nm and 6.828 nm while the surface areas were 15.692 m 2 /g and 15.421 m 2 /g respectively. The anti-bacterial textile fiber construction was prepared using dip-spin coating with the application of an adipic acid crosslinker for 6 h and stable coating up to 10 times washing. The improvement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) antibacterial properties in the textiles with coating had an inhibition zone of 20.5-25.0 mm and 16.2 mm without the coating. The elements of the cotton fiber construction include C at 54.60%, O at 40.89%, Ti at 0.81% and Zn at 2.60% while the TG-DTA analysis conducted showed an increase in the heat stability of the textile fibers to a temperature of 400 C, after which the textiles were modified by coating ZnO-TiO 2 nanorods. The findings of this research could be successfully applied to improve the antibacterial properties of textiles.

Since textiles have a porous and hydrophilic structure, they are ideal substrates for the settlement and growth of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, fabrication of hydrophobic textiles to reduce their humidity has the potential to inhibit the growth of bacteria. On this basis, we report here an improvement of the antibacterial capability of textiles coated with TiO2–SiO2/chitosan using hydrophobization. Synthesis of TiO2–SiO2 clusters with chitosan was carried out using the sol–gel technique. In addition, hydrophobization of the textiles using hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) was carried out using a dip‐spin coating method. In addition, their characteristics were examined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV‐DRS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water contact angle, and antibacterial activity. XRD, SEM, UV‐DRS, FTIR, and water contact angle confirmed the physical and chemical properties of the modified textiles. In summary, the present work shows that the hydrophobization of textiles using HDTMS can enhance the antibacterial capability of cotton textiles.

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