Assessment, incidence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in older Aboriginal Australians

Abstract

Background:Little is known about urinary incontinence in older Aboriginal Australians.Aim: To describe urinary incontinence assessment, prevalence, incidence and associated conditions in older Aboriginal Australians.Methods: Wave 1 consisted of 363 Aboriginal participants aged ≥45 years from Western Australia; 289 participants participated in Wave 2, with 184 included at both time points. Urinary incontinence was assessed by self-report, family report and the modified International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ). We investigated factors associated with incontinence with binary logistic regression. Sensitivity and specificity analyses of incontinence measures were undertaken using the ICIQ score ≥2 as the reference standard.Results: Participant mean age was 61.2 AE 11.2 years. Prevalence of incontinence at Wave 2 (n = 289) using self-report was 24.6%; using ICIQ ≥2 was 22.5%; and family report 14.2%. Incidence after follow-up of 6.7 years was 33 (23.6%), higher than estimates of 5-20% in other populations. Cross-sectional associations with incontinence include female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 6.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98-15.57), stroke (OR = 3.55; 95% CI 1.43-8.77), head injury (OR = 3.15; 95% CI 1.54-6.45) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14). Longitudinal associations were age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09) and female sex (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 0.99-5.67). Sensitivity (81.5%) and specificity (93.5%) of self-report were high. Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence of urinary incontinence in AboriginalAustralians is high with risk factors of older age and female sex. The modified ICIQ and self-report appear to be appropriate incontinence screens. Further research to understand causes and treatments within this population is urgently required.

Incidence and risk factors of female urinary incontinence: a 4‐year longitudinal study among 24 985 adult women in China

“…Age is an established risk factor for SUI and UUI 4,10,27 . Our findings further confirmed that the risk of SUI and UUI increased with age in the general population.…”

A silent burden—prolapse, incontinence, and infertility in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women: A systematic search and narrative review

“…After screening the titles and abstracts, 19 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Full‐text screening identified only 11 papers dealing with the subject of the review 7,8,14‐22 . See Table 1.…”

“…Smith and colleagues 14 made an effort to describe the issue of urinary incontinence in the older Australian Aboriginal population. They conducted a cross‐sectional study at two time periods—first in 2004–2006 and then again in 2011–2013—both in remote Kimberley communities.…”

“…Full-text screening identified only 11 papers dealing with the subject of the review. 7,8,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] See Table 1. The excluded studies mentioned either the conditions (POP, urinary incontinence, or infertility) only peripherally, or as part of an assessment of other conditions (e.g.…”

Remission and Transition of Female Urinary Incontinence and Its Subtypes and the Impact of Body Mass Index on This Progression: A Nationwide Population-Based 4-Year Longitudinal Study in China

“…7 The annual incidence of UI reportedly ranges from 1% to 11%, and the remission rate of UI ranges from 5% to 11%. 7–12 However, few large-scale studies quantifying the rates of progression and remission in Asia are available. Knowledge of natural changes in UI subtypes, ie stress UI (SUI), urgency UI (UUI) and mixed UI (MUI), is critical to the prevention and development of different clinical management and treatment strategies along the disease continuum.…”