Assessment of apoptotic cells in the wall of thrombophlebitic saphenous vein

Abstract

In the walls of thrombophlebitic saphenous veins and varicose veins, the apoptotic indices were clearly decreased. The results suggest that the process of programmed cell death was inhibited in walls of thrombophlebitic saphenous veins and varicose veins.

The aging venous system: from varicosities to vascular cognitive impairment

“…There is a biologically significant phenotypic overlap with vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from pathologic varicose vein samples, in which expression of Bcl-2 (an apoptosis controlling protein, located at the outer mitochondrial membrane), MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 is dysregulated and proliferation, adhesion, and migration capacities are altered [45]. The number of apoptotic smooth muscle cells increases in the aged venous system as well as in the prevaricose-varicose venous wall [46][47][48][49][50]. In the affected venous networks, hypertrophic and atrophic areas are alternating giving a foundation for massive morphological deformations observed later in life [40,47,51].…”

News in Pathogenesis of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

“…Abnormal events in the cell cycle may also contribute to changes in the structural integrity of the vein wall, thus predisposing to the development of varicosities (55). Variety of apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, Bcl-xl, Bcl-xs, Fas, FasL, NF-kappaB, Ki-67, different caspases, p53 and others have been measured in human varicose veins and the results of these studies are controversial (55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64). In these publications, tested varicose veins originated from different locations and from patients with various clinical stages of chronic venous disease which could explain differences in described results.…”