Assessment of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment for Implant Osseointegration

Abstract

This study assessed the osseointegrative effects of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) surface treatment for implants in a canine model. Control surfaces were untreated textured titanium (Ti) and calcium phosphate (CaP). Experimental surfaces were their 80-second air-based APP-treated counterparts. Physicochemical characterization was performed to assess topography, surface energy, and chemical composition. One implant from each control and experimental group (four in total) was placed in one radius of each of the seven male beagles for three weeks, and one implant from each group was placed in the contralateral radius for six weeks. After sacrifice, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were assessed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed decreased surface levels of carbon and increased Ti and oxygen, and calcium and oxygen, posttreatment for Ti and CaP surfaces, respectively. There was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in BIC for APP-treated textured Ti surfaces at six weeks but not at three weeks or for CaP surfaces. There were no significant (P = 0.57) differences for BAFO between treated and untreated surfaces for either material at either time point. This suggests that air-based APP surface treatment may improve osseointegration of textured Ti surfaces but not CaP surfaces. Studies optimizing APP parameters and applications are warranted.

The Effect of Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed Peek Implants on Osseointegration

“…The surface roughness of the implant was recognized as the most important determent of the osseointegration of the dental implants Increased surface roughness has enhanced the osteoblast differentiation and local factor production in vitro, as well as bone-toimplant contact and torque removal forces in vivo (44) In the present study, Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy showed statistically significant increase in both Ca, Al and Si in the atmospheric pressure plasma treated CFR-PEEK implant surface The highest increase was in the silica particles This in agreement with results Noeske et al (43) that showed that the surface of polymers after plasma treatment increased the percent of Si, Ca and oxygen Moreover, Danna et al (41) confirmed the same results in their study of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.…”

Changes in surface characteristics of titanium and zirconia after surface treatment with ultraviolet light or non‐thermal plasma

“…Although a time‐dependent increase in hydrophilicity was shown by Aita et al . for UV light up to 48 h of treatment , a time interval above 15 min seems to be barely practicable under clinical conditions.…”

“…Several studies have described the effects of UV light and non‐thermal plasma on titanium and zirconia surfaces in changing the surface chemistry, attracting cells in vitro, and finally improving osseointegration in vivo (, , ). Apart from examining superhydrophilicity, Noro et al .…”

“…Danna et al . observed decreased levels of carbon and increased levels of titanium and oxygen on pure titanium discs after surface treatment with a non‐thermal plasma device. In a recent study by Roy et al .…”

Comprehensive biomedical applications of low temperature plasmas

“…Plasma medicine applications include treatment of oral biofilm-related infections [12,13], treatment of wounds and skin diseases [19][20][21], assistance in cancer treatment [22][23][24], treatment of viruses infections (e.g. herpes simplex [25]); as well as, but not limited to, optimization of implants surfaces [26][27][28]. Each of those applications will be discussed in this review article ( Fig.…”