Assessment of bone repair following the use of anorganic bone graft and membrane associated or not to 830-nm laser light

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of LLLT (λ830nm, Thera lase, DMC Equipamentos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil, 40mW, CW, spot size 0.60mm, 16J/cm 2 per session) on the repair of bone defects on the femur of Wistar albinus rats which were grafted with anorganic bovine bone associated or not to bovine bone membrane. Five randomized groups were studied: I (Control); II (anorganic bovine bone); III (anorganic bovine bone + LLLT); IV (anorganic bovine bone + bovine bone membrane) and V (anorganic bovine bone + bovine bone membrane + LLLT). The animals were irradiated at every 48h during 15 days, the first irradiation was performed immediately after the procedure. The animals were irradiated transcutaneuosly in four points around the defect. At each point a dose of 4J/cm 2 was given totaling 16J/cm 2 per session. The animals were sacrificed 15, 21 and 30 days after surgery. The specimens were routinely processed to wax and stained with H&E and Picrosírius stains and analyzed under light microscopy. The results showed evidence of a more advanced repair on the irradiated groups when compared to non-irradiated ones. The repair of irradiated groups was characterized by both increased bone formation and amount of collagen fibers around the graft within the cavity early, considering the osteoconductive capacity of the anorganic bovine bone and the increment of the cortical repair in specimens with membrane. It is concluded that LLLT had a positive effect on the repair of bone defect submitted the implantation of graft associated or not to the use of biological membrane.

Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) Applied in Bone Reconstructive Surgery Using Bovine Bone Grafts: A Systematic Review

“…The control group animals were always characterized as "empty cavity" or "clot", while the intervention groups contained animals that underwent treatment. Nine studies used male animals [12,15,18,20,22,33,37,46,47] and seven used male and female animals [48][49][50][51][52][53][54], while only one study did not describe the gender of the subjects [45].…”

“…Considering all the articles included in this review, the application of PBMT in bone lesions was verified in rats in 15 articles, five of which involved the calvaria [12,20,22,45,47], nine the femur [37,46,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54] and one the mandibular branch [15]. The two articles employing rabbits involved the calvaria [33] and tibia [18].…”

“…The only article in humans [36] was on the alveolar bone due to periodontal disease. The use of bovine bone in its inorganic phase was observed in 10 studies [12,15,20,22,33,37,47,[52][53][54] versus six using the organic phase [18,46,[48][49][50][51]; only one study [45] did not offer a distinction. Bovine bone was associated with another component in 11 articles: fibrin sealant [12]; bone morphogenic proteins (BMP), collagen binder and bovine biological membrane [46,50]; hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/βTCP) [15]; internal rigid fixation (IRF), BMP, collagen bone and decalcified cortical osseous membrane [18]; BMP and collagen gel [48]; decalcified cortical osseous membrane [51,52,54]; and collagen membrane [45].…”

“…The periods chosen for analysis ranged from a minimum of 7 days [20] to a maximum of 90 days [15]. There appeared to be a preference seems for studies conducted up to 30 days, with 13 articles falling into this category [18,20,22,37,45,46,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54], while four articles [12,15,33,47] evaluated results after this period.…”

“…The wavelength parameter employed in the studies covered a wide range of values, from 618 to 830 nm. This included one study for each of 618 nm [37], 660 nm [47], 780 nm [22] and 790 nm [18], three studies with 808 nm [15,20,45], two studies with 810 nm [33,36], and nine studies with 830 nm [12,46,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54], as shown in Figure 2. Regarding the type of laser used in the studies, eight studies employed GaAlAs lasers (44.44%), one study cites the use of a light-emitting diode (LED) (5.55%), two specified the use of a diode laser (11.11%) and 7 researches did not mention the type of laser (38.88%).…”