Assessment of burden of disease induced by exposure to heavy metals through drinking water at national and subnational levels in Iran, 2019

Naddafi, Kazem; Mesdaghinia, Alireza; Abtahi, Mehrnoosh; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Beiki, A; Shaghaghi, Gholam Reza; Shamsipour, Mansour; Mohammadi, Fatemeh; Saeedi, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112057

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A recent study conducted in Iran demonstrated that the average drinking water concentration of lead was 2.5 μg/L, much lower than the standard values. Also, the LE was responsible for 0.2% of the attributable burden of disease resulting from heavy metals in drinking water [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the burden of diseases attributable to lead exposure in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

et al. 2022

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Background Lead exposure (LE) and its attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have declined in the recent decade; however, it remains one of the leading public health concerns, particularly in regions with low socio-demographic index (SDI) such as the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region. Hence, we aimed to describe the attributable burden of the LE in this region. Methods Data on deaths, DALYs, years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) attributable to LE in the NAME region and its 21 countries from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. Results In 2019, the age-standardized death and DALY rates attributable to LE were 23.4 (95% uncertainty interval: 15.1 to 33.3) and 489.3 (320.5 to 669.6) per 100,000 in the region, respectively, both of which were higher among men than women. The overall age-standardized death and DALY rates showed 27.7% and 36.8% decreases, respectively, between 1990 and 2019. In this period, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Turkey had the highest decreases in the age-standardized death and DALY rates, while Afghanistan, Egypt, and Yemen had the lowest ones. Countries within high SDI quintile had lower attributable burden to LE compared with the low SDI quintile. Cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases accounted for the 414.2 (258.6 to 580.6) and 28.7 (17.7 to 41.7) LE attributable DALYs per 100,000 in 2019, respectively. The attributable YLDs was 46.4 (20.7 to 82.1) per 100,000 in 2019, which shows a 25.7% reduction (-30.8 to -22.5%) over 1990–2019. Conclusions The overall LE and its attributed burden by cause have decreased in the region from 1990–2019. Nevertheless, the application of cost-effective and long-term programs for decreasing LE and its consequences in NAME is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the burden of diseases attributable to lead exposure in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

et al. 2022

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“…Zeng et al [12] investigated the distribution of heavy metals and built a model for determining the possible damage to humans. The cancer risk was around 20% higher in the region with hazardous heavy metals in the drinking water than in the rest of the country [13]. Those studies, on the other hand, do not precisely identify the source of heavy metal pollution or explain how it occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improvement of Ecological Risk Considering Heavy Metal in Soil and Groundwater Surrounding Electroplating Factories

et al. 2022

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Heavy metals in groundwater and soil are toxic to humans. An accurate risk assessment of heavy metal contamination can aid in environmental security decision making. In this study, the improved ecological risk index (RI) is used to comprehensively investigate the influence of heavy metals in soil and groundwater within electroplating factories and their surrounding regions. In the non-overlapping area, the RI of soil and groundwater is computed individually, and in the overlapping area, the greater RI of soil and groundwater is employed. Two typical electroplating factories are used to examine the heavy metal distribution pattern. The heavy metal concentrations are compared between Factory A, which is in operation, and Factory B, which is no longer in operation, in order to analyze the heavy metal concentrations and associated ecological risks. Heavy metals continue to spread horizontally and vertically after Factory B was closed. Heavy metal concentrations in groundwater surrounding Factory B are substantially greater, and the maximum concentration exists deeper than in Factory A. Because Cr, Cu, and Hg in soil contribute significantly to the RI, the primary high RI region is observed at Factory A and the region to the southwest. The RI of Factory B demonstrates a broad, moderate risk zone in the west and southwest.

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“…YLL represents the number of years lost due to premature death, while YLD accounts for the years lived with a disability or in a less than optimal health state. By summing these components, DALY provides a comprehensive estimation of the overall impact of a particular disease or risk factor on a population 14 , 15 . By encompassing a wide range of health outcomes, including physical, psychological, and social dimensions of diseases, DALY offers a comprehensive measure of the societal impact resulting from heavy metal exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

Radfard,

Hashemi,

Baghapour

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Exposure to heavy metals in contaminated drinking water is strongly correlated with various cancers, highlighting the burden of disease. This study aimed to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in drinking water of Fars province and evaluate the attributed burden of disease. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment was performed using the hazard quotient (HQ) method, while the carcinogenic risk assessment utilized the excess lifetime cancer risk approach. The burden of disease was evaluated in terms of years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for three specific cancers: skin, lung, and kidney cancer. The average drinking water concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were determined to be 0.72, 0.4, 1.10 and 0.72 μg/L, respectively. The total average HQ of heavy metals in drinking water in the study area were 0.127, 0.0047, 0.0009 and 0.0069, respectively. The average ILCRs of heavy metal in the entire country were in the following order: 1.15 × 10−5 for As, 2.22 × 10−7 for Cd and 3.41 × 10−7 for Cr. The results also indicated that among the various counties analyzed, Fasa experiences the greatest burden of disease in terms of DALYs, with a value of 87.56, specifically attributed to cancers caused by exposure to arsenic. Generally, it can be said that the burden of disease is a critical aspect of public health that requires comprehensive understanding and effective intervention.

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Assessment of burden of disease induced by exposure to heavy metals through drinking water at national and subnational levels in Iran, 2019

Cited by 26 publications

References 51 publications

Estimating the burden of diseases attributable to lead exposure in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Estimating the burden of diseases attributable to lead exposure in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Improvement of Ecological Risk Considering Heavy Metal in Soil and Groundwater Surrounding Electroplating Factories

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

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