Assessment of cadmium and lead concentrations in different types of cosmetics products consumed in Iran

Abstract

Background: A safety assessment of cosmetic is necessary for evaluating the health risks associated with the use of these products. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in different types of cosmetics products consumed in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was design to evaluate the content of Cd and (Pb) in 11 different types of cosmetics including lipstick, nail polish, eyeliner, eye pencil, eyeshadow, makeup cleaner, mascara, pancake, tattoo, hair dye, and hair gel belonging to German, French, Turkish, Chinese, and Iranian brands, from September 2016 to March 2017. The content of Cd and Pb were measured with a polarograph following nitric acid digestion. Results: Out of 264 sample, the mean and standard error level of Cd and Pb were 3.69 ± 0.72 and 9.07 ± 1.126 μg/g, respectively. The average content of Pb in lipstick, tattoo, and nail polish was higher than the permitted limit of 10 μg/g. The mean content of Cd was also at level above the permitted limit of 3 μg/g for eye pencil, lipstick, and tattoo. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between Cd (P = 0.038) and Pb (P = 0.013) among different types of the cosmetics. Conclusion: Results indicated that several samples contain high levels of Cd and Pb that can be associated with health effects at sufficiently exposures. Regular monitoring of toxic metals, along with increased public awareness is necessary to provide a level of protection for women, especially for pregnant and lactating women.

Concentration of Heavy Metals, Namely Lead, Cadmium, and Chromium, in Hair Color Available in the Markets of Qom, Iran

“…Amount of chromium present in the hair colors of the present study was 88-771.5 ppb, which is higher than the permissible level of chromium in cosmetics forbidding the use of chromium at any amount (20). In addition, the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium in Iranian hair colors were higher than that of foreign hair colors, which is in accordance with the results of a study conducted by Zafar Zadeh in 2018 (30).…”

Evaluation of lead and cadmium concentrations in lipstick and eye pencil cosmetics

“…where, z value for 95% confidence is 1.96, S is the standard deviation = 0.1, and d is the precision level = 0.05 obtained from a study in Sari, Mazandaran (Iran) (27).…”

Assessment of Toxic Metals in Some Selected Cosmetic Products in Nigeria and Their Health Risks

“…Cr also fell within the EU permissible limit (1 mg/kg) [35,36]. Comparatively, high concentration (mg/kg) of Cd, 0.5 -1.1, 0.279 -0.781, 14.4 -37.3, ND -36.3 and 0.14 -14.28 were reported by Nnorom et al [37], Ayenimo et al [11], Al-Dayel et al [12], Omenka and Adeyi [3] and Zafarzadeh et al [38] as compared to the present study, while those reported by Khalid et al [39], Chauhan et al [40]; and Ekere et al [41] for Cd were lower. The Pb (0.008 -0.084 mg/kg) were similar in some cases to what Ekere et al [41] reported, while Nnorom [42], Chauhan et al [40] and Ekere et al [41] were higher than the present study.…”