Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asian Populations

Abstract

Although South Asian populations have high cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in the world, their patterns of individual CVD risk factors have not been fully studied. None of the available algorithms/scores to assess CVD risk have originated from these populations. To explore the relevance of CVD risk scores for these populations, literature search and qualitative synthesis of available evidence were performed. South Asians usually have higher levels of both “classical” and nontraditional CVD risk factors and experience these at a younger age. There are marked variations in risk profiles between South Asian populations. More than 100 risk algorithms are currently available, with varying risk factors. However, no available algorithm has included all important risk factors that underlie CVD in these populations. The future challenge is either to appropriately calibrate current risk algorithms or ideally to develop new risk algorithms that include variables that provide an accurate estimate of CVD risk.

Prediction of 10 Years and Lifetime Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Among Working Physician of CMCH

“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO) CVDs were the cause of 17.5 million deaths (31% of all death) around the world in 2012, of which 80% occurred in LMICs 1 , and 85% of all global disability arose from CVDs. 2 CVDs and its associated known risk factors account for 13.4% of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in Bangladesh. 3 The major CVD risk factors such as abnormal glucose metabolism, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, smoking, along with increasing age are well established.…”

“…3 The major CVD risk factors such as abnormal glucose metabolism, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, smoking, along with increasing age are well established. 2,4 Obesity constitutes major risks for CVDs both directly (through underlying insulin resistance and inflammatory changes) and indirectly (through the effect on other immediate risk factors like T2DM, dyslipidemia and HTN). After China and India, Bangladesh has the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among LMICs (8.4 million or 10% of the population) and the prevalence could increase by 13% by 2030.…”

Statin-centric versus low-density lipoprotein-centric approach for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention: a Singapore perspective

“…(24) Studies have found that the predictability of CVD risk scores, which were developed mainly for Caucasians, varies considerably, mainly due to overestimating the risks of MI in East Asians and underestimating lifetime risk among South Asians. (25) It is probably safe to assume that the same is true for Singapore. A number of factors have been proposed to explain this.…”

“…In addition, there is a lack of local longitudinal cohort data to supply robust information on the relationship between CVD risk factors and outcomes. (25) …”

Factor Analysis of Predicting Cardiovascular Death in the Remote Period after Myocardial Revascularization

“…Prediction of the risk of cardiovascular complications is a priority for preventive medicine, cardiology, and intensive care [1,2]. This is due to the severe consequences of diseases of the cardiovascular system that occur in connection with structural adjustment and persistent dysfunction of the heart and other organs and systems.…”