Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Em, Adu; Ha, Ukwamedu; Es, Oghagbon

doi:10.4172/2329-9088.1000184

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…According to American Heart Association, a value of (>3.5) shows greater propensity towards cardiovascular diseases. Adu et al [10] also reported a significant increase value of Atherogenic Coefficient (Ac) of diabetes when compared with the non-diabetes subjects which is in agreement with the work of Ikewuchi [11].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Blood Lipids and Its Atherogenic Indices in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Male Rats

Chikezie

Meludu

Ogbu

et al. 2020

AJARR

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which result to excessive accumulation of blood sugar over a prolonged period. Due to higher risk of diabetes mellitus to cardiovascular disease, it is crucial to identify and address these cardiovascular risks. This study assessed the effects of diabetes on levels of some blood lipids and its atherogenic indices in diabetic male rats. Methods: This is an experimental study that involved 40 apparently healthy adult male albino rats (wistar strain) which were randomly assigned to five groups (A, B, C, D and E) of eight (8) animals each. Group A (Normal Control of No intervention for 72 hours), Group B (Diabetic rats of 72 hours post diabetes induction), Group C (metformin treated diabetic rats), Group D (Diabetic Control untreated) and Group E (Normal Control of 3 weeks post diabetes induction). Seven milliliters of fasting blood sample were collected from all the subjects. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) were determined using standard methods. Atherogenic indices, non HDL cholesterol (Non HDL-c), cardio risk ratio (CRR), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC) and atherosclerosis index (AI) were calculated. It was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean values of HDL-c was significantly higher in the treated diabetic group when compared with untreated diabetic control (P<0.05) while TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Non HDL-c, CRR, AIP, AC and AI were significantly lower in treated diabetics when compared to the untreated diabetic control (P<0.05). Also, blood mean levels of HDL-c were significantly lower in the diabetic groups (treated and untreated) when compared with non diabetic control (P<0.05) while TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Non HDL-c, CRR, AIP, AC and AI were significantly higher in the diabetic groups (treated and untreated) when compared with non diabetic control (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study suggests that atherogenic indices can serve as predictive pointer for future cardiovascular event especially, when LDLc value is normal. Also hyperglycemia could cause significant alterations of lipids, but metformin treatment has showed not only hypoglycemic effect, but also anti-hyperlipidemic properties.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Blood Lipids and Its Atherogenic Indices in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Male Rats

Chikezie

Meludu

Ogbu

et al. 2020

AJARR

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“…Atherogenic coefficient (Ac) was computed as TC-HDL/HDL, while cardiac risk ratio (CRR) was determined as TC/HDL. [2] Data management and analysis plan…”

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] This range of altered parameters in adults has been linked to deaths around the world on various continents with micro and macrovascular complications. [2] Since LDL cholesterol measurement alone is insufficient for risk identification, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration has been the primary source of cardiovascular disease risk and the main focus of intervention. [1,2] Although some studies continue to link LDL-C to CVD, the connection was modest, and LDL-C was not a reliable indicator of Death from coronary heart disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] Since LDL cholesterol measurement alone is insufficient for risk identification, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration has been the primary source of cardiovascular disease risk and the main focus of intervention. [1,2] Although some studies continue to link LDL-C to CVD, the connection was modest, and LDL-C was not a reliable indicator of Death from coronary heart disease. [1] LDL-C and HDL-C levels are thus left for the clinician to use in determining risk when taking into account the occurrence of other significant risk factors, such as gender, nicotine consumption, blood pressure, diabetes, sedentary behaviour, and adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] LDL-C and HDL-C levels are thus left for the clinician to use in determining risk when taking into account the occurrence of other significant risk factors, such as gender, nicotine consumption, blood pressure, diabetes, sedentary behaviour, and adiposity. [1,2,3] To enhance the prediction of cardiovascular disease, efforts have been made to identify emerging or novel cardiovascular risk factors. Since lipoprotein ratios like TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TC-HDL/HDL, and TC-HDL can enhance risk assessment but are underutilised in cardiovascular prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The utilisation of cardiac risk ratio and non-HDL cholesterol markers to assess cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes males with lowered serum DHT

Jheetay

Garg

Adhana

et al. 2022

ijhs

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Background A risk factor for cardiovascular disease, particularly vascular disease when linked to Diabetes Mellitus, is the decline of male sex androgens. In recent years, many forms of studies have been conducted to confirm its link. Male hypogonadism is linked to dyslipidemia, visceral obesity, and CVD disorders. Testosterone's role in Type 2 Diabetes has been researched alone or in conjunction with Sex hormone binding globulin. DHT, the most recent androgen to be discovered whose functions are being researched and elaborated upon, hasn't received much attention. Very little research has been conducted in India and Asia that looked at androgens associations with cardiac risk indicators. Methods: The study was carried out at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre's Department of Physiology and Medicine and Santosh Medical College's Department of Physiology in Moradabad and Ghaziabad, respectively. A total of 210 samples, including 105 from type 2 diabetes and 105 from controls, were used in the investigation. Lipid parameters [HDL, LDL, VLDL & TC], serum DHT, and data analysis were performed using the conventional biochemical methods and SPSS 26 (trial version).

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