Assessment of chemical and microbial contamination in groundwater through leaching of sewage waste in Delhi, India

Kumar, Ashwani; Ranjan, Anuj; Gulati, Khushbu; Thakur, Sanjeev; Jindal, Tanu

doi:10.1007/s12665-015-5016-0

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Microbiological and bacteriological analysis are also undertaken to make an inventory of all the microbial/bacterial species present in the samples, identifying populations associated with specific sources of pollution and verifying hypothesis on the occurrence of specific biochemical reactions (under peculiar conditions) in soil and groundwater, such as denitrification, sulphur reduction/oxidation, chlorinated solvents degradation, etc. (Kanohin et al, 2018;Krumar et al, 2014). Thus, first links between the abundance of different bacterial species and their affinity/resistance to some minerals/substances/conditions could be studied.…”

Section: Sampling Methodology and Used Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of peri-urban groundwater catchments: a multi-tracer approach for the identification of urban pollution sources

2022

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Abstract. Groundwater catchment located in peri-urban areas may be impacted by many pollutants coming from different types of point or diffuse sources such as accidental spills, continuous hidden leaks in drainage networks, old landfills, treated/untreated wastewater and watercourses. In the scope of the CASPER project, a new methodological approach has been developed based on field survey and interpretation of the collected data in order to distinguish between the different sources of contamination and mixtures of pollutants. First, the groundwater catchment area corresponding to the land surface perimeter in which abstracted groundwater is recharged is determined and characterised in hydrogeological terms. The possible sources of pollution are identified. In a second step, a groundwater and surface water monitoring survey is established, and water samples are collected focusing on a combination of physicochemical parameters and set of various hydrochemical indicators. In particular, different stable isotopes are considered. The NO3- and Boron stable isotopes are used to distinguish between inputs linked to urban effluents, agricultural fertilisers and manure. Stable isotopes of SO42- are used to distinguish between sulphide minerals oxidation, sulphur-carbon compounds mineralisation, lixiviation and human pollution. Moreover, the occurrence of specific molecules like pharmaceutical and lifestyle products (carbamazepine, caffeine, etc.) are used as effective tracers of anthropogenic contamination. Microbiological analyses are also undertaken to identify microbial populations associated with specific sources of pollution or specific biochemical reactions occurring in soil and groundwater. The resulting hydrochemical dataset is then processed using multivariate and clustering analyses. In this context, the objective here is to describe the rigorous methodological approach to assess pollution sources and to illustrate the first steps of this process using a case study corresponding to a groundwater catchment is a chalk aquifer in Western Belgium.

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Section: Sampling Methodology and Used Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of peri-urban groundwater catchments: a multi-tracer approach for the identification of urban pollution sources

2022

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“…However, GW can be faecally contaminated through various pathways, including leaching of wastewater and SW containing animal faeces from livestock activities, runoff from urban and agricultural areas, direct injection of inadequately treated wastewater to recharge aquifers, and poor maintenance of wells. Moreover, GW pathogen contamination may increase during precipitation events [14,16]. A multitude of enteric-origin microorganisms responsible for gastrointestinal diseases can be present in GW, such as Campylobacter, Entamoeba hystolitica, Salmonella, Giardia intestinalis, and human enteric viruses.…”

Section: Origin Of the Microbiological Contamination Of Dwss And Dwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Indicator Microorganisms Predictive of Pathogens in Water?

Richiardi,

Pignata,

Fea

et al. 2023

Water

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The microbiological quality assessment of drinking water (DW) and drinking water sources (DWSs) is based on the detection of indicator microorganisms (IMs). However, the relationship between IMs and pathogens has been questioned, as pathogens have been detected even in the absence of IMs, and vice versa. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the reliability of IMs by analysing the correlation between the presence of IMs and pathogens in water. This review focused on studies that reported statistical analyses of the relationship between traditional and alternative IMs and enteric pathogens in DWSs (groundwater, surface water, and rainwater) and in DW. Additionally, the main DW guidelines and regulations, along with a focus on the application of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA), were also reported. The overall analysis of publications revealed a controversial correlation, characterised by high spatiotemporal variability, indicating the impossibility of identifying a reliable IM for any specific pathogen or water type. The association was also influenced by numerous factors, such as intrinsic characteristics of microorganisms, seasonal variations, sample number, water sample volume, and the detection method used. In conclusion, the detection of IMs should be considered complementary to, rather than a substitute for, the detection of pathogens.

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“…Escherichia coli, Clostridium, Campylobacter, Rhodococcus coprophilus, Enterococci, Arcobacter (an emerging bacterial disease), Fecal streptococci, and sulfite-reducing Clostridia are the most common bacteria detected in groundwater. The main source of pathogenic microorganisms in surface and groundwater systems is cited as the application of animal waste to agricultural areas [34]. Emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals and products of personal care are forming their ways to surface water and to a lesser extent into groundwater [35].…”

Section: Sources Of Groundwater Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Funnel and Gate Permeable Reactive Barrier Configuration for Contaminated Groundwater Remediation – Designing, Installation, and Modeling: A Review

Mokif,

Faisal

2023

Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol.

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Groundwater is a valuable resource whose purity is necessary for human survival. It serves as a significant source of water for household, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Traditional groundwater pollution remediation technologies include pump & treat, phase extraction, aeration gas of groundwater, bioremediation, and chemical oxidation. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is one of the most key technology being developed as alternatives to the pump and manage method for the remedying contaminated groundwater. An overview on the groundwater significant as important sources for water, sources of groundwater contamination, transport of contaminants, and groundwater remediation technologies have been discussed in this paper. In addition to reactive media, the design and installation of PRBs of funnel-gate configurations and their application as a remediation technique have been covered in this review. Finally reaction mechanisms in groundwater, contaminant transport governing equation, isotherms sorption models, kinetic sorption models, breakthrough curves modeling have been presented in this review. PRB technique provides financial benefits while also encouraging waste material reuse, so contributing to environmental sustainability. Funnel and gate PRB can offer one or more dense treatment areas for maximizing groundwater pollution plume capture. Funnel-gate PRB is characterized by smaller reaction area, ease in replacement and removal during the blocking of the reactive barrier by fine soil particles and reactive sediments.

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Assessment of chemical and microbial contamination in groundwater through leaching of sewage waste in Delhi, India

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Protection of peri-urban groundwater catchments: a multi-tracer approach for the identification of urban pollution sources

Protection of peri-urban groundwater catchments: a multi-tracer approach for the identification of urban pollution sources

Are Indicator Microorganisms Predictive of Pathogens in Water?

Funnel and Gate Permeable Reactive Barrier Configuration for Contaminated Groundwater Remediation – Designing, Installation, and Modeling: A Review

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