Assessment of composition and anisotropic elastic properties of secondary osteon lamellae

A three-scale finite element investigation into the effects of tissue mineralisation and lamellar organisation in human cortical and trabecular bone

“…Currey (1984) showed that the degree of mineralisation in cortical bone correlated with its stiffness and load-bearing strength, while Ascenzi and Bonucci (1976) found that the intricate arrangement of collagen provides tensile strength, elasticity and toughness (capacity to absorb energy). Also, Hofmann et al (2006) showed that in secondary osteons, the alternating orientations between lamellae gave rise to different stiffness values, even though the degree of mineralisation was similar for all lamellae. Importantly, these studies (Ascenzi and Bonucci 1976;Currey 1984;Hofmann et al 2006;Brennan et al 2011b) show that observed stiffness values in bone are sensitive to both microstructural composition, i.e.…”

“…Also, Hofmann et al (2006) showed that in secondary osteons, the alternating orientations between lamellae gave rise to different stiffness values, even though the degree of mineralisation was similar for all lamellae. Importantly, these studies (Ascenzi and Bonucci 1976;Currey 1984;Hofmann et al 2006;Brennan et al 2011b) show that observed stiffness values in bone are sensitive to both microstructural composition, i.e. mineral/collagen content (Ascenzi and Bonucci 1976;Currey 1984), and also microstructural organisation, i.e.…”

“…While the variety of different mechanical test methods used may have contributed to the large range of values reported, other factors such as tissue structure and composition are also known to affect mechanical behaviour (Ascenzi and Bonucci 1976;Currey 1984;Hofmann et al 2006;Brennan et al 2011b). Currey (1984) showed that the degree of mineralisation in cortical bone correlated with its stiffness and load-bearing strength, while Ascenzi and Bonucci (1976) found that the intricate arrangement of collagen provides tensile strength, elasticity and toughness (capacity to absorb energy).…”

“…mineral/collagen content (Ascenzi and Bonucci 1976;Currey 1984), and also microstructural organisation, i.e. lamellar orientation (Hofmann et al 2006). Furthermore, significant compositional (Dickenson et al 1981;Li and Aspden 1997;Boyde et al 1998;Gadeleta et al 2000;Zioupos 2000;Brennan et al 2011a) and structural (Augat and Schorlemmer 2006) changes are known to arise during diseases such as osteoporosis.…”

Raman Assessment of Bone Quality

“…The main advantages of Raman spectroscopy include its applicability to fresh tissue [24,74] and higher spatial resolution (with sampling volumes of 1 lm 3 or less) [25]. Raman spectroscopy can also be used with fixed and embedded specimens [32,80] and also to fluorescently labeled and stained specimens [21,52,75], although heavy staining may facilitate burning [50]. When combined with mechanical loading regimes, Raman spectroscopy correlates chemical information with bone failure responses at the ultrastructural level [15].…”