Assessment of coral reef thermal stress over India based on remotely sensed sea surface temperature

Arora, Mamta; Gujrati, Ashwin; Chaudhury, Nandini Ray; Chauhan, Prakash; Patel, Ramesh C.

doi:10.1080/10106049.2019.1624983

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…If runoff and discharge indeed play a major role in water clarity patterns nearshore, then we may expect these patterns to change in the future as the southern region of Belize is projected to experience less precipitation and runoff by 2090 (Martín-Arias et al, 2022). Arora et al (2019) employed remotely sensed data in the calculation of coral stress indices including DHW for five major Indian coral reef regions from 1982 to 2018 (Arora et al, 2019). De et al (2021) successfully integrated remotely sensed SST data into a coral health monitoring program in the Eastern Arabian Sea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GEE toolkit for water quality monitoring from 2002 to 2022 in support of SDG 14 and coral health in marine protected areas in Belize

Callejas

Osborn

Lee

et al. 2022

Front. Remote Sens.

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Coral reefs are highly diverse ecosystems that provide many goods and ecosystem services globally. Coral reef ecosystems are also threatened by environmental stressors from anthropogenic sources and shifting climates. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (“Life Below Water”) addresses the need to conserve and sustainably use the ocean, seas, and marine ecosystems, including reef systems. Belize’s coral reef system is the second largest in the world, providing sources of income to Belizeans through tourism and fisheries as well as coastline protection. In order to conserve their marine ecosystems, Belize has a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) throughout their coastal waters. Using Aqua MODIS satellite imagery from 2002 to 2022, Google Earth Engine, and RStudio, we present a workflow to calculate stress days on MPAs and a coral vulnerability index based on sea surface temperature (SST) and Kd (490), a proxy of water clarity. The Corozal Bay, Swallow Caye, Port Honduras, and South Water Caye MPAs had the highest percentages of stress days and coral vulnerability stress index score based on these two parameters among the 24 MPAs analyzed. Additionally, SST in the warmest month of the year in Belize were seen to increase across all MPAs from 2002 to 2022 (p < 0.01). This GEE toolkit provides a straightforward and accessible tool to help governments monitor both water quality and risks to coral reefs in accordance with SDG 14.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GEE toolkit for water quality monitoring from 2002 to 2022 in support of SDG 14 and coral health in marine protected areas in Belize

Callejas

Osborn

Lee

et al. 2022

Front. Remote Sens.

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“…Coral bleaching generally begins for corals exposed to a DHW value of 0.5 or more [34]. The categories which are used to describe the severity of bleaching for Indian regions are no stress (0° C<DHW≤2° C), bleach watch (2° C<DHW≤4° C), warning (4° C<DHW≤6° C), alert level-1 (6° C<DHW≤8° C) and alert level-2 (DHW>8° C) based on DHW [8,15].…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid decline of coral reef ecosystem health is now the most pressing challenge to the reef managers [1,5]. Most of the tropical coral reefs are found only within a narrow range of environmental conditions, making them vulnerable to abrupt change in seawater physico-chemical parameters like temperature, and salinity [6][7][8][9][10]. Coral bleaching events are associated with thermal stress are acute disturbances recognized as the primary global challenge to the persistence of coral reefs, which disrupts the mutualistic relationship of corals with the thermo-sensitive endosymbiotic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodinaceae by photoinhibition and their expulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coral bleaching can be divided into two parts: (1) The initial response where corals expel Symbiodinium, and (2) The longer-term effect, which may be either coral tissue recovery or mortality [11]. Coral bleaching events occur when sea surface water becomes so warm and remains high for more than 28 days [6,8,12]. Coral mortality after bleaching depends on the extent of heat stress, its severity, and duration of bleaching [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global SSTs have risen gradually since the 1980s, which have caused mass coral bleaching (MCB) and mortality in more than 90% of reefs since 1997-1998. Many researchers have reported four significant MCB events (i.e., 1982-1983, 1997-1998, 2010, 2015-2016) all over the world over the past four decades due to global warminginduced by the ENSO event [8,[15][16][17]. The 2015-2016 ENSO event emerged as the most extreme event in terms of ocean warming intensity and extent across the tropical oceans [18][19][20][21], which caused one of the most severe and widespread MCB events across the Indo-Pacific [15,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary, West Coast of India

Arora¹,

De²,

Chaudhury³

et al. 2022

Climate Change in Asia and Africa - Examining the Biophysical and Social Consequences, and Society's Responses

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Coral reefs are one of the most sensitive, productive, and invaluable biological resources on the earth. However, coral reefs are facing unprecedented stress due to ongoing climate changes and intensified anthropogenic disturbances globally. Elevated Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has emerged as the most imminent threat to the thermos-sensitive reef-building corals. The 2010–2014-2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) caused prolonged marine heat waves (MHWs) that led to the most widespread coral bleaching and mortality in the tropical Indi-Pacific regions. Coral bleaching prediction is vital for the management of the reef biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and services. Recent decades, satellite remote sensing has emerged as a convenient tool for large-scale coral reef monitoring programs. As thermal stress is a critical physical attribute for coral bleaching hence, the present study examines the effectiveness of the elevated SSTs as a proxy to predict coral bleaching in shallow water marginal reefs. Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch’s (CRW) platform has been used for this study. Coral bleaching indices like Bleaching Threshold (BT), Positive SST Anomaly (PA), and Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) are computed to analyze the thermal stress on the coral reefs. The computed thermal stress from satellite-derived SST data over regions concurrence with the mass coral bleaching (MCB) events. This study concludes that in the last decades (2010 to 2019) the coral cover around these regions has dramatically declined due to higher SST, which indicates that the thermal stress induced recurrent bleaching events attributed to the coral loss.

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How Symbiodiniaceae meets the challenges of life during coral bleaching

et al. 2021

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Assessment of coral reef thermal stress over India based on remotely sensed sea surface temperature

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

A GEE toolkit for water quality monitoring from 2002 to 2022 in support of SDG 14 and coral health in marine protected areas in Belize

A GEE toolkit for water quality monitoring from 2002 to 2022 in support of SDG 14 and coral health in marine protected areas in Belize

Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary, West Coast of India

How Symbiodiniaceae meets the challenges of life during coral bleaching

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