Assessment of Cytotoxic Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of <i>Clerodendrum inerme</i> (L.) Gaertn. and <i>C. viscosum</i> Vent. Using <i>Allium</i> Test

Abstract

Aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of two medicinal plants, Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. and C. viscosum Vent. (Family: Lamiaceae) were evaluated on root tip mitotic cells of Allium cepa L. for assessment of cytotoxicity relevant to their potential applicability for therapeutic uses. Results revealed mitodepressive as well as cytotoxic effects in mitotic cells of Allium test system following treatments with the extracts; however, the manifestation of effects was differential in relation to extract types and concentrations. Aberration types encountered in dividing and resting cells of A. cepa highlight cytotoxic potentiality of the extracts. The present study is therefore significant for biomonitoring of the cytotoxic effects with studied leaf extracts.

Colchicine Like Metaphase and Cell Cycle Delay Inducing Effects of Leaf Aqueous Extract of <i>Clerodendrum inerme</i> (L.) Gaertn. in <i>Allium cepa</i> Root Apical Meristem Cells

“…Earlier we have reported antiproliferative, apoptosis, metaphase arrest, cell cycle delay, metabolic abnormality, and micronuclei inducing effects of leaf extracts of C. viscosum (Ray et al 2013, Kundu and Ray 2017, Chandra and Sanjib 2017. Recently, Roy and Roy (2019) assessed cytotoxic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. viscosum and C. inerme using Allium cepa test, however, colchicine like metaphase, c-metaphase, and cell cycle delay inducing effects of C. inerme aqueous extract is not clear. C-metaphase is colchicine induced metaphase arrest, as described by Levan (1938) in A. cepa, is the toxic effect of colchicine, which blocks metaphase to anaphase transition by inactivating the spindle formation that results in condensed haphazardly arranged chromosomes, pro-metaphase like chromosomal arrangement (Fig.…”

Mitotic Abnormality Inducing Effects of Leaf Aqueous Extract of <i>Clerodendrum inerme</i> Gaertn. on <i>Allium cepa</i> Root Apical Meristem Cells

“…Colchicine induced an increased frequency of mitotic abnormalities in A. cepa and it was comparable with the leaf aqueous extract of C. viscosum (Kundu and Ray 2016), and clerodin (Roy et al 2020). Roy and Roy (2019) assessed the cytotoxic effects of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of C. inerme treatment on Allium roots after 5 days, however, mitotic abnormalities were not scored from the early hours of treatment duration, and also the concentrations of the extracts were not conclusive. Therefore, detailed cytotoxic effects of LAECI were studied at 2 to 4 h after the LAECI treatment in A. cepa root apical meristem cells and also at 16 h recovery.…”

Worldwide Research Trends on Microalgae and Recent Work in Cytologia

“…Spermatophyta is prominent in Cytologia, as the subject of 70 to 83% of the papers in the last two years. The subject species are very diverse, and include more detailed studies of well-known model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana (Hayashi et al 2018b, Shibuta and Matsunaga 2019, Shimahara et al 2019, Toyoda and Matsunaga 2019 and onion, Allium cepa (Barbhuiya et al 2018, Verma and Srivastava 2018, Basu et al 2019, Roy and Roy 2019, Tütüncü et al 2019. Species with regional characteristics have also been reported, as pointed out in a Cytologia Focus two years ago (Kawano 2018).…”