Assessment of Dermal Irritation and Acute Toxicity Potential of Extracts from Synadenium glaucescens on Healthy Rabbits, Wistar Albino Rats and Albino Mice

Nyigo, Vitus; Mdegela, R.; Mabiki, Faith; Malebo, Hamisi M.

doi:10.9734/ejmp/2015/20763

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…BALB/cJ (N = 4/group) were treated with one dose of 10 mM GA or DMSO vehicle formulated in 2.5% HEC gel. All animals were monitored daily for signs of skin irritation/redness or infection following the OECD rating system [ 35 , 36 ]. Our results indicated no visible signs of irritation in all tested concentrations 24 h to 120 h post-treatment ( Figure S2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice

Bhutta

Shechter

Gallo³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes a lifelong latent infection with an estimated global prevalence of 66%. Primary and recurrent HSV infections are characterized by a tingling sensation, followed by an eruption of vesicles, which can cause painful erosions. Commonly used antiviral drugs against HSV infection are nucleoside analogues including acyclovir (ACV), famciclovir, and valacyclovir. Although these nucleoside analogues reduce morbidity and mortality in immunocompetent individuals, ACV-resistant HSV strains (ACVR-HSV) have been isolated from immunocompromised patients. Thus, ACVR-HSV infection poses a critical emerging public health concern. Recently, we reported that ginkgolic acid (GA) inhibits HSV-1 by disrupting viral structure, blocking fusion, and inhibiting viral protein synthesis. Additionally, we showed GA affords a broad spectrum of fusion inhibition of all three classes of fusion proteins, including those of HIV, Ebola, influenza A and Epstein Barr viruses. Here we report GA’s antiviral activity against HSV-1 skin infection in BALB/cJ mice. GA-treated mice demonstrated a significantly reduced mortality rate and decreased infection scores compared to controls treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-vehicle. Furthermore, GA efficiently inhibited ACVR-HSV-1 strain 17+ in vitro and in vivo. Since GA’s mechanism of action includes virucidal activity and fusion inhibition, it is expected to work alone or synergistically with other anti-viral drugs, and we anticipate it to be effective against additional cutaneous and potentially systemic viral infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All animals were monitored daily post-gel administration for 10 days to observe skin irritation/redness or infection. Skin reactions were graded using the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rating system [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice

Bhutta

Shechter

Gallo³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Half a gram of 10% L. angustifolia EO ointment formulation was evenly and gently applied in a test site while untreated skin areas serve as control. The test sites were then examined critically at 1hr after removing the test material and at 24hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 7th and 15th day for dermal reaction using Draize scoring criteria [21, 22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Skin Irritation and Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils in Rabbit and Mice

Mekonnen

Tesfaye

Christos

et al. 2019

Journal of Toxicology

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Lavandula angustifolia is used in traditional and folk medicines of Ankober District, North Central Ethiopia, for the treatment of several livestock and human disorders. This toxicity study aimed to investigate L. angustifolia essential oil oral toxicity in mice and skin irritation in rabbit. L. angustifolia essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods and showed predominance of Eucalyptol (52.36%), Camphor (11.91%), gamma-terpinene (8.775%) and endoborneol (7.585%). Limit test at 2000 mg/kg dose was used for L. angustifolia essential oil acute toxicity test and revealed LD50 value was higher than 2000 mg/kg. For subacute toxicity study 2000mg/kg was given orally to each mouse for 21 days. The result demonstrated no significant changes (p > 0.05) in the body weights, and biochemical parameters, gross abnormalities, water, and food intake were observed. No macroscopic changes were seen in the histopathology analysis of kidneys and livers. For skin irritation test shaved rabbit skin was treated with 10% ointment formulation. Ointment of L. angustifolia oil did not affect mice skin. Generally, this toxicity study demonstrated that L. angustifolia essential oil is nontoxic.

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“…Compound 4 was found to be soluble in organic solvents like petroleum ether, benzene, dichloromethane, chloroform and methanol but insoluble in water. The melting point was found to be 172-174 °C [21].…”

Section: Solvent Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Investigation and Characterization of Isolated Chemical Constituents from Kyllinga triceps Rottb.

Verma¹,

Jha²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2017

Asian J. Chem.

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Assessment of Dermal Irritation and Acute Toxicity Potential of Extracts from Synadenium glaucescens on Healthy Rabbits, Wistar Albino Rats and Albino Mice

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice

Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice

Evaluation of Skin Irritation and Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils in Rabbit and Mice

Phytochemical Investigation and Characterization of Isolated Chemical Constituents from Kyllinga triceps Rottb.

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