Assessment of effects on non-target plants from sulfonylurea herbicides using field approaches

Abstract

: Since their introduction in the early 1980s, there have been a number of Ðeld studies conducted to assess the e †ects of sulfonylurea herbicides on nontarget plants (i.e. plants not labeled for use). In these studies a wide variety of plant response assessment techniques have been used to measure e †ects on nontarget plants. This paper examines the relationship of short-term plant response measurements to plant productivity measurements such as yield or quality. Whether short-term plant response measurements have a practical degree of accuracy and precision appropriate for hazard assessment on non-target plants from sulfonylureas is discussed. A comprehensive review of published literature and unpublished Ðeld studies of the e †ects of sulfonylureas on the yield and quality of non-target plant species is reported. When this information is coupled with exposure factors and environmental fate characteristics, the risks to nontarget plants from sulfonylureas are similar to those from other herbicides used at higher application rates.

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of monosulfuron in Chinese soils

“…However, these remained chemicals are highly phytotoxic to some rotational plants at only 1% or even less of the originally applied amount, resulting in growth inhibitions of certain rotational crops or fruit trees [1,[3][4]. On the other hand, although low toxicities of sulfonylurea herbicides in animals were reported in the previous studies, more and more recent investigations have verified that these chemicals would pose potential risks to non-target organisms and soil microorganisms [4][5].…”

Productivity differences between dandelion (Taraxacum officinale; Asteraceae) clones from pollution impacted versus non-impacted soils

“…It is believed that many of these pollutants are inhibitory, toxic and/or mutagenic to plants (e.g., Obrigawitch et al 1998). Exposure to anthropogenic pollutants may also result in significant changes to the genetic makeup of plant populations by contaminant-induced selection (e.g., Antonovics and Bradshaw 1970;Pollard 1980;Keane et al 1998Keane et al , 1999Jiménez-Ambriz et al 2007).…”

A non-invasive observation parameter to complement sediment bioassays using Myriophyllum aquaticum

“…Metsulfuron methyl was selected due to its known specific binding to the acetolactate-synthase enzyme and the resulting inhibition of the synthesis of the branched amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine, leading to a rapid cessation of plant cell division and growth (Obrigawitch et al 1998). Hence, strong inhibitory effects on the FWC in exposed M. aquaticum whorls were expected.…”

“…Exposed whorls showed a strongly reduced shoot and root growth, which is in accordance with effects described in the literature (e.g. Brown 1990;Obrigawitch et al 1998). Specifically, effect concentrations of metsulfuron methyl in sediments to M. aquaticum could not be found in the literature.…”