Assessment of electrical vehicles as a successful driver for reducing CO2 emissions in China

Hofmann, Jana; Guan, Dabo; Chalvatzis, Konstantinos; Hong, Huasheng

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.042

Cited by 170 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…China, Indonesia and India present a declining trend with China experiencing the steepest and most continuous decline. While there is a wider electrification trend with innovative technologies in industry [67] and transport [68] it is necessary to look in more detail at the decomposed sectoral analysis. China's iron and steel ( Figure 14 The emissions intensity in the chemical and petrochemical industry ( Figure 15) [62,64,66] In textile and leather industries, Indonesia has the highest emissions intensity per economic output (Figure 18), approximately 55% higher than India, three-fold higher than China and sixfold higher than the Philippines.…”

Section: Carbon Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and carbon intensity: A study on the cross-country industrial shift from China to India and SE Asia

et al. 2018

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Highlights• Emissions intensity higher in India and SE Asia countries compared to China.• India's emissions intensity triple that of China in non-metallic minerals industry.• India's emissions intensity double that of China in iron and steel industry.• Indonesia's emissions intensity double that of China in non-metallic minerals sector.• Paris Agreement INDC commitments to be challenged by industrial relocation. Abstract 1The potential relocation of various industrial sectors from China to India and countries of the SE Asian region presents low cost opportunities for manufacturers, but also risks rising for energy demand and CO2 emissions. A cross-country shift of industrial output would present challenges for controlling emissions since India and SE Asian countries present higher industrial emissions intensity than China. We find that although there is a convergence in emissions intensity in the machinery manufacturing and paper and pulp industries, there are significant variations in all other industrial sectors. Indian emissions intensity is double that of China in the iron and steel and textile and leather industries and almost triple in the cement industry; Indonesian emissions intensity is almost double that of China in the non-metallic minerals and textile and leather industries and 50% higher in the chemical and petrochemical industry. We demonstrate that the expected higher emissions are driven by both a higher carbon fuel mix intensity in the recipient countries 1 and higher energy intensity in their industrial activities. While industrial relocation could benefit certain countries financially, it would impose considerable threats to their energy supply security and capacity to comply with their Paris Agreement commitments.

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Section: Carbon Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and carbon intensity: A study on the cross-country industrial shift from China to India and SE Asia

et al. 2018

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“…Life cycle GHG emissions of gasoline include crude oil extraction and processing, transportation, oil refining, and diesel used for transportation to the end-use location. Life cycle GHG emissions for this calculation includes the three primary types of GHG emissions (CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O) emitted during the life cycle process. Each of the GHG emissions is then converted to CO 2 equivalents (CO 2 e) according to their global warming potential (GWP) value [68]:…”

Section: Total Ownership Costs (Toc) and Life Cycle Emissions Methods mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clean energy consumption in China is still at low levels, although coal consumption's share of total energy consumption has been decreasing in recent years [3]. For the transport sector, shifting part of the vehicle fleet from fuel to electricity and natural gas (EVs and NGVs) is one of the current strategies to control the transportation sector's impacts due to the relatively low carbon content of EV and NGV emissions [4,5]. High costs are an obstacle to the wide implementation of clean energy technologies in many areas of China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s Energy Transition in the Power and Transport Sectors from a Substitution Perspective

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Facing heavy air pollution, China needs to transition to a clean and sustainable energy system, especially in the power and transport sectors, which contribute the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The core of an energy transition is energy substitution and energy technology improvement. In this paper, we forecast the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for power generation in 2030 in China. Cost-emission effectiveness of the substitution between new energy vehicles and conventional vehicles is also calculated in this study. The results indicate that solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power will be cost comparative in the future. New energy vehicles are more expensive than conventional vehicles due to their higher manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP). The cost-emission effectiveness of the substitution between new energy vehicles and conventional vehicles would be $96.7/ton or $114.8/ton. Gasoline prices, taxes, and vehicle insurance will be good directions for policy implementation after the ending of subsidies.

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“…More cases can be found from papers such as, Hofmann et al [31] analyzing the impacts of the gasoline vehicle replacement program with EVs at different penetration rates on petroleum and electricity sectors and their CO2 emissions; as well as Xie and Shao [32] on enhancing the R&D investment of energy-saving technology and the cleaner transition of energy structure, as well as formulating industrial emission-reduction policies from a perspective of the whole industrial chain rather than certain single sub-sectors.…”

Section: Technology and Renewable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and the implication for achieving climate change mitigation targets

et al. 2016

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Assessment of electrical vehicles as a successful driver for reducing CO2 emissions in China

Abstract:  Evaluation of vehicle replacement programme with EVs, powered by 80% and 50% coal  The introduction of EVs alone does not help reduce China's national GHG emissions  Carbon intensity of electricity sector should be improved, before EVs are scaled up

Cited by 170 publications

References 69 publications

Energy and carbon intensity: A study on the cross-country industrial shift from China to India and SE Asia

Energy and carbon intensity: A study on the cross-country industrial shift from China to India and SE Asia

China’s Energy Transition in the Power and Transport Sectors from a Substitution Perspective

Understanding the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and the implication for achieving climate change mitigation targets

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