Assessment of Electromagnetic Interference with Active Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) Caused by the Qi A13 Design Wireless Charging Board

Abstract

Electromagnetic interference is a concern for people wearing cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The aim of this study was to assess the electromagnetic compatibility between CIEDs and the magnetic field of a common wireless charging technology. To do so the voltage induced in CIEDs by Qi A13 design magnetic fields were measured and compared with the performance limits set by ISO 14117. In order to carry this out a measuring circuit was developed which can be connected with unipolar or bipolar pacemaker leads. The measuring system was positioned at the four most common implantation sites in a torso phantom filled with physiological saline solution. The phantom was exposed by using Helmholtz coils from 5 µT to 27 µT with 111 kHz sine-bursts or by using a Qi A13 design wireless charging board (Qi-A13-Board) in two operating modes “power transfer” and “pinging”. With the Helmholtz coils the lowest magnetic flux density at which the performance limit was exceeded is 11 µT. With the Qi-A13-Board in power transfer mode 10.8% and in pinging mode 45.7% (2.2% at 10 cm distance) of the performance limit were reached at maximum. In neither of the scrutinized cases, did the voltage induced by the Qi-A13-Board exceed the performance limits.

Electromagnetic interference in cardiac electronic implants caused by novel electrical appliances emitting electromagnetic fields in the intermediate frequency range: a systematic review

“…1.26 µT). Gustrau et al , 61 Seckler et al , 58 and Mattei et al 59 found a dependence of the induced voltage on lead configuration.…”

“…Seckler et al 58 investigated a WPT system and compared the data with a standardized exposure set-up using Helmholtz coils (111 kHz, both systems). Under the standardized exposure condition the performance limit (i.e.…”

“…There is only limited data on EMI with CIEDs in the IF range and only a few of the evaluated studies correlated the documented EMI with exposure data (e.g. Refs 33 , 45 , 58 ). Likewise, the studies that did not report EMI, rarely provided detailed data on exposure conditions 26 , 29 , 31 , 41 , 42 , 51 …”

“…More than one-third of the studies investigated CIEDs which were exposed to security systems, including EAS, metal detectors, and RFID ( n = 15), and five studies investigated potential EMI in the proximity of induction hobs. Single studies also investigated other electronic appliances, such as iPods, 56 a magnetically levitated linear motor car, 52 WPT systems, 40 , 58 or avalanche transceivers 37 …”

An Implantable Wireless Neural Interface System for Simultaneous Recording and Stimulation of Peripheral Nerve with a Single Cuff Electrode

“…The WPC developed an open interface standard that defines wireless power transfer using inductive charging. Also, recent study regarding wireless power transmission for implantable devices revealed that the induced magnetic field using Qi wireless charging was well below the limits set by ISO 14117 evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of active implantable cardiovascular devices [ 40 ].…”