Assessment of Engineering Adaptations to Extreme Events and Climate Change for a Simply Supported Interstate Bridge over a Shallow Estuary: Case Study

Bridges in a changing climate: a study of the potential impacts of climate change on bridges and their possible adaptations

“…Elevate critical infrastructures, insert holes, tie-down, restrainers, anchorage bars, etc., concrete shear tabs etc., connect adjacent spans, cladding (e.g., toe nails, hurricane straps, etc.) (Mondoro et al, 2018); Strengthened connections, improved span continuity, modified bridge shape, increased elevation (Cleary, Webb, Douglass, Buhring, & Steward, 2018); Relocation and restriction of development in vulnerable regions (Meyer & Weigel, 2011;NRC, 2008); Strengthening and heightening existing storm surge barriers and building new ones (NRC, 2008) Wildfires Vulnerability assessments incorporated into infrastructure location decisions, use of fire-resistant materials and landscaping (Meyer & Weigel, 2011); Installing monitoring systems, installing on site firefighting equipment, implementing structural fire design for bridges, fire proofing main structural elements (Naser & Kodur, 2015); Vegetation management strategies (i.e. control operating situation around the structure by regularly removing vegetation in the vicinity of bridges) (NRC, 2008;Wright, Lattimer, Woodworth, Nahid, & Sotelino, 2013); Bigger expansion gaps, passive fire protection, active fire suppression (e.g.…”