Assessment of Environmental Costs of Ship Emissions: Case Study on the Samsun Port

Tokuşlu, Aydın

doi:10.30638/eemj.2021.070

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…As seen in Figure 4, general cargo and tanker ships were the ships that used the Turkish ports in the Black Sea most frequently. These results tie well with earlier studies (Alver et al, 2018;Kilic and Deniz, 2009;Popa and Florin, 2014;Saraçoglu et al, 2013;Tokuslu, 2020b) that general cargo and tanker ships were the main polluters in the studied ports.…”

Section: Results Emissionssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The rest of the 3 ports (Gerze Port, Kefken Port, and Ordu Port) were disregarded since we couldn't reach the data, these ports have less than 50 ship movements in a year and their quantity will not affect the result of the study. The other 5 of the ports (Samsun port, port of Zonguldak, Trabzon port, port of Bartın and port of Ereğli) were investigated by Tokuslu (2020aTokuslu ( , 2020bTokuslu ( , 2020cTokuslu ( , 2020dTokuslu ( , 2021. Maritime trade in the Turkish Black Sea ports generally is carried out with general cargo and tanker ships.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bottom-up approaches are generally limited to emission inventory analysis studies at the regional and local levels. (Bayirhan et al 2019;Deniz et al, 2010;Entec, 2007;Kilic and Deniz, 2009;Liu et al, 2014;Ng et al, 2013;Nunes at al., 2017;Song, 2014;Tichavska and Tovar, 2015;Mersin et al, 2019Mersin et al, -2020Tokuslu, 2020b;Tzannatos, 2010;Yau et al, 2012;Ülker et al, 2020;Tokuslu and Burak 2021). The ship estimation equation (1,2,3) in the methodology is stated as;…”

Section: Fig 2 the Location Of Studied Portsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environmental cost of the studied port emissions for each pollutant has been calculated for 2018 and was $61,5 million and $6.164 per ship call (Table 6). (Tokuslu, 2020b).…”

Section: Environmental Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also local emission studies for the Black Sea ports, and these studies highlight that emissions generated from ships may negatively affect people's health, cause illness, and disturb the quality of life of people living in the harbour area. Florin and Cosofret (2013) estimated the port emissions for the port of Constanta, Alver et al (2018) investigated the emissions from shipping in the Samsun Port in Turkey, the effects of emissions from ships visiting the Turkish ports (Zonguldak, Trabzon, Eregli, and Bartın) in the Black Sea have been investigated in detail (Tokuslu, 2020a(Tokuslu, , 2020b(Tokuslu, , 2020c(Tokuslu, , 2020d. The study aims to analyse shipping emissions generated from ships visiting the 10 Turkish ports located at the Black Sea and to explore their share in international shipping emissions in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysing Shipping Emissions of Turkish Ports in the Black Sea and Investigating Their Contributions to Black Sea Emissions

Tokuşlu¹

2022

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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The Black Sea is the crossroads for many nations and the economic interests of numerous countries. The ports in the Black Sea are the most important economic activity centres where the Black Sea countries carry out their import and export activities. In this paper, shipping emissions generated from ships visiting the 10 Turkish ports located in the Black Sea were estimated and their ratio in shipping emissions in the Black Sea region was evaluated. Total emissions from ships in the studied ports were estimated as 4.949 t y -1 for NOX, 280.498 t y -1 for CO2, 2.059 t y -1 for SO2, 197 t y -1 for VOC, 260 t y -1 for PM for 2018 based on ship activity-based method. General cargo and tanker ships were responsible for 92% of the total ship-borne emissions in the region, and chemicals, bulk carrier, passenger/ro-ro cargo, and other ships such as tugs, barge, multi-purpose ships, yachts, warships follow it. Emissions produced from ships were mainly emitted at cruising mode (84%), followed by hotelling mode (15%). The environmental cost of the port emissions for each pollutant was estimated as $61,5 million and $6.164 per ship call. Black Sea shipping emissions were 2,5% of the total international shipping emissions and shipping emissions from Turkish ports constitute 6-7% of PM, 14% of CO2, 6-14% of SO2, and 11-20% of NOX emissions of Black Sea emissions. The Black Sea region should be declared as an emission control area/sulphur emission control area to reduce shipping emissions. This is the first study to estimate Turkish port emissions in the Black Sea.

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Section: Results Emissionssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 2 the Location Of Studied Portsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environmental cost of the studied port emissions for each pollutant has been calculated for 2018 and was $61,5 million and $6.164 per ship call (Table 6). (Tokuslu, 2020b).…”

Section: Environmental Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysing Shipping Emissions of Turkish Ports in the Black Sea and Investigating Their Contributions to Black Sea Emissions

Tokuşlu¹

2022

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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Aqueous VOCs in complex water environment of oil exploitation sites: Spatial distribution, migration flux, and risk assessment

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Analysis of port pollutant emission characteristics in United States based on multiscale geographically weighted regression

2023

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The huge fuel consumption of shipping activities has a great impact on the ecological environment, port city environment, air quality, and residents’ health. This paper uses Automatic Identification System (AIS) data records and ship-related data in 2021 coastal waters of the United States to calculate pollutant emissions from ships in 30 ports of the United States in 2021. After calculating the pollutant emissions from ships at each port, the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model is used to analyze the factors affecting the ship pollutant emissions. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) model is used to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of various factors affecting the characteristics of ship pollutant emissions at different scales. This paper mainly compares the effect of models of GWR and MGWR. MGWR may truly reveal the scale difference between different variables. While controlling the social and economic attributes, the coastline length, container throughput, and population are used to describe the spatial effects of ship pollutant emissions in the United States. The results denote that the distribution trend of ship pollutant emissions has a gap based on various ship types and ports. NOx accounts for the highest proportion of pollutant emissions from port ships, followed by SO₂ and CO. The impact coefficients of coastline length and population on pollutant emissions in port areas are mostly positive, indicating that the growth of coastline length and population will increase pollutant emissions in port areas, while the effect of container throughput is opposite. Relevant departments should put forward effective measures to curb NOx emission. Port managers should reasonably plan the number of ship transactions according to the coastline length of the port.

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Assessment of Environmental Costs of Ship Emissions: Case Study on the Samsun Port

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Analysing Shipping Emissions of Turkish Ports in the Black Sea and Investigating Their Contributions to Black Sea Emissions

Analysing Shipping Emissions of Turkish Ports in the Black Sea and Investigating Their Contributions to Black Sea Emissions

Aqueous VOCs in complex water environment of oil exploitation sites: Spatial distribution, migration flux, and risk assessment

Analysis of port pollutant emission characteristics in United States based on multiscale geographically weighted regression

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