Assessment of eugenol inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and biofilm gene expression in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Egypt

High Rates of Aminoglycoside Methyltransferases Associated with Metallo-Beta-Lactamases in Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Egypt

“…It is considered a cornerstone pathogen among the important resistant ESKAPE bacteria ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , P. aeruginosa , and Enterobacter species), which are the main pathogens for community and hospital drug resistance. 1 It is also placed at the top of the WHO’s ranking list of critical pathogens for which there is a need to develop and discover novel therapeutic modalities. 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the cause of about 10% of hospital-acquired infections worldwide, leading to outbreaks in adult, pediatric, and neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) due to the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains.…”

Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of essential oil components, EDTA and HLE disinfectant solution on Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus sp. multiresistant strains isolated along the meat production chain

“…strain M33T02.2) and EU + EDTA (2–6 Log 10 reductions in CFU) against established biofilms of enterococci, staphylococci and pseudomonads. Similarly, El-Far et al (2021) reported that eugenol had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and established biofilms of methicillin resistant S. aureus clinical isolates in Egypt. Moreover, other studies revealed the efficacy of CA and TH to eliminate preformed biofilms of S. aureus ( Nostro et al, 2007 ) and P. fluorescens KM121 ( Myszka et al, 2016 ), and CA, TH and EU for biofilm elimination and modification of resistance susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains to nalidixic acid ( Miladi et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Furthermore, HLE and EDTA decrease the gene expression of multidrug EfrAB, NorE and MexCD efflux pumps as non-specific resistance mechanisms to several antimicrobials (antibiotics and biocides) as reported by Abriouel et al (2018) and Lavilla Lerma et al (2014b) , respectively. Moreover, El-Far et al (2021) demonstrated that eugenol treatment decreased the expression of biofilm related genes ( IcaA , IcaD and SarA ) which are involved in biofilm development of methicillin resistant S. aureus clinical isolates in Egypt. In the same context, it was reported that EU inhibited the expression of adhesion genes eae and ler ( Baskaran et al, 2016 ) and the expression of migration-related genes fliC, fimA, lpfA , and hcpA , which encode flagellin A, type 1 fimbriae, long polar fimbriae, and hemorrhagic coli pilus ( Hu et al, 2018 ), leading to significant repression of bacterial quorum sensing ( Rathinam et al, 2017 ) in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli .…”

Isolation and characterization of lytic bacteriophages from sewage at an egyptian tertiary care hospital against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates

“…PCR products were recorded by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide (0.2 mg/ml), in the presence of a 100-bp ladder (Fermentas) as a DNA molecular weight marker. Positive results for mecA gene will produce a band of 310 bp ( El-Far et al, 2021 ).…”