Assessment of Gamma Rays Induced Cytotoxicity in Common Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)

Abstract

SummaryThe present study was conducted to understand the effects of different doses of gamma radiations on the cytological behavior of common wheat (Triticum aestivum var. WH-147) in M 1 generation. Progenies were raised from the seeds of the selected cultivar treated with six different doses of gamma radiations, viz., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kR at Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai. Cytological studies were carried out in the treated as well as in control materials. The radiations have shown a significant effect causing different types of chromosomal anomalies such as stickiness, univalents, laggards, fragments, bridges, precocious segregation, and micronuclei. In general, an increasing spectrum of aberrant cells was observed along with the increasing intensity of gamma radiations. The cytological analysis also revealed that the most frequent anomaly dominated was chromosomal stickiness followed by other irregularities. In addition, 25 and 30 kR doses of gamma radiations were the most potent doses, inducing higher frequency of cytological aberrations in pollen mother cells of wheat, suggesting that gamma rays could be successfully employed for creating additional genetic variability in the natural gene pool of common wheat.

Studies on mutagenic effects of gamma irradiation on chilli (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.)

“…In the present study, similar types of meiotic abnormalities were found in all mutagenic treatments but the frequency of abnormalities was dissimilar in different treatments, indicating the diverse mutagenic potentials of mutagens against Capsicum annuum L. The induction of cytological disturbances in the mitotic as well as meiotic cells is of great value, as it results in genetic damage that is handed over to the next generation. The different types of chromosomal abnormalities observed during the present study have also been reported by various other workers after treatment with physical as well as chemical mutagens in many crops like Crotalaria juncea (Verma and Raina 1991), Phlox drummondii (Verma and Sharma 2000) and Triticum aestivum (Verma and Khah 2016). Most of these workers have obtained a dose-dependent increase in meiotic aberrations.…”

Cytogenetic investigations in colchicine induced tetraploid of <i>Cosmos sulphureus</i> (Asteraceae)

“…They suggested that multivalents were main cause of segregation irregularity at anaphase. In addition, another cause of irregular division of chromosomes at anaphase-I may be due to abnormal behavior of univalents (Verma and Khah 2016).…”

Detection of cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of gamma radiation on M1 generation of three varieties of Triticum aestivum L.

“…Liman et al, (2012) reported that occurrence of lagging chromosomes was due to the failure of the chromosome or acentric chromosome fragments to move to either of the pole at anaphase stage. However, Verma & Khah (2016) revealed that the most frequent aberration was chromosomal stickiness in gamma irradiated M 1 generations of T. aestivum. Gaulden (1987) explained that sticky chromosomes is characterized by losing the function of one or two types of specific nonhistone protein which control chromatid separation and segregation.…”

“…That's why this process effects the structure of DNA and mitosis (Singh, 1983). Depending on radiation dose, different types of chromosome aberrations such as stickiness, laggards, fragments, bridges, fault polarization and micronuclei can be shown in nuclei (Beadle, 1932;Sakin et al, 2005;Verma & Khah, 2016).…”